View source for Tarzanesque

{{Short description|Term used to describe Tarzan-like characters.}}
{{Multiple image
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| image1            = Tarzan All Story.jpg
| caption1          = Cover of The All Story (October 1912), Tarzan's literary debut
| image2            = Jo-Jo2301.jpg
| caption2          = Cover of [[Jo-Jo, Congo King]] #23 (1949)
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'''Tarzanesque''' (in [[French language|French]]: ''Tarzanide'') is a term created by Frenchman [[Francis Lacassin]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Association pour la diffusion de la pensée française, France. Direction générale des relations culturelles |title=Bulletin critique du livre français, Edições 628-630 |publisher=Association pour la diffusion de la pensée française |year=2001}}</ref> used to describe characters in [[comic book]]s inspired by [[Tarzan]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Roberto Chiavini, Andrea Lazzetti, Luca Somigli, Michel Tetro |title=Il cinema dei fumetti. Dalle origini a Superman Returns |publisher=Gremese Editore |year=2006 |page=29 |id=9788884404428}}</ref> A tarzanesque character resembles Tarzan in his physical resourcefulness, within a line of action that includes an adventurous life in the [[jungle]], the gift of understanding and being understood by animals, contact with [[Lost world|lost civilizations]] and courage combined with the ability to deal with nature. The creation of such characters may have been propitiated by the success that Tarzan had achieved since his appearance in literature in 1912,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Marcelo Naranjo |title=Os Especiais de Tarzan |date=14 August 2006 |url=http://www.universohq.com/museu-dos-quadrinhos/os-especiais-de-tarzan-2/ |publisher=[[Universo HQ]]}}</ref> culminating with the release of [[Tarzan in comics|daily comic strips in 1929]], which paved the way for a genre that combined the allure of the unknown environment, the need for the [[Archetype|archetypal]] characteristics of the [[hero]] and the popularity of access.

The Tarzanesque follows the same line of action as Tarzan, but including diversified heroes, female or male, adapted to adventures set in a set of elements that make up the jungle stereotype in the popular imagination, which includes, besides the [[Africa|African jungles]], the [[Amazon rainforest|Amazon jungle]] and even strange jungles in [[Polar regions of Earth|polar regions]].<ref name=":3">Pedro Cleto (February 10, 2010). [[:pt:Jornal de Notícias|Jornal de Notícias]].</ref>

== Etymology and characteristics ==
The term "''Tarzanide''" was created by French literary critic [[Francis Lacassin]], author of three books on the [[Man-Ape]]: "Tarzan: ''mythe triomphant, mythe humilié"''<ref name=":0" /> (1963), "Tarzan" ou "''le Chevalier crispé"'' (1971)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale Research Company |title=Something about the author, Volume 63 |publisher=Gale Research |year=1991 |id=9780805774597}}</ref> and "''La Legendé de'' Tarzan" (2000).<ref name=":0" /> Like Tarzan, a ''Tarzanide'' is generally considered "the king of the forest" or "the king of the jungle." He can talk to animals and even lead them<ref>{{Cite book |last=Maurice Horn |title=The world encyclopedia of comics, Volume 1 |publisher=Chelsea House |year=1999 |pages=84–85 |id=9780791048573}}</ref> and is respected by most of the neighboring tribes and often finds lost civilizations.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Gilberto M. M. Santos |title=Ka-Zar #1 |date=December 2004 |url=http://www.universohq.com/reviews/kazar-1/ |publisher=Universo HQ}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> The spelling "''Tarzanidi''" is also applicable,<ref>{{Cite book |title=Letture, Volume 59,Edições 603-606 |year=2004 |page=31}}</ref> as is the [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] variant "Tarzânico".<ref>GOIDA, p. 24</ref>

While the terms "''Tarzanide''" and "''Tarzanidi''" are adopted for characters originating in [[Bande dessinée|Franco-Belgian]]<ref name=":16">{{Cite book |last=Harry Morgan |title=Principes des littératures dessinées |publisher=editions de l'An 2 |year=2003}}</ref> and [[Italian comics|Italian]]<ref name=":1" /> comic book publications, for North American publications the term Tarzanesque is widely used.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Luis Antonio Vivanco,Robert J. Gordon |title=Tarzan was an eco-tourist--: and other tales in the anthropology of adventure |page=114}}</ref> According to [[Wiktionary]], the word [[wiktionary:Tarzanesque|Tarzanesque]] suggests a savage jungle life.

== History ==

=== First manifestations ===
[[File:JumboComics99.jpg|left|thumb|286x286px|Although [[Sheena, Queen of the Jungle|Sheena]] (pictured above) was not the first "[[jungle girl]]," she brought in her look - a leopard-skin bikini - a novel feature that would be widely replicated.]]
[[File:Ka-Zar_October_1936.jpg|thumb|Cover of the October 1936 issue of [[Ka-Zar (David Rand)|Ka-Zar]].]]
The success of the [[Tarzan]] [[comic strip]]s that appeared in 1928<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sérgio Codespoti |title=Pesquisar quadrinhos: uma tarefa ingrata e desanimadora |date=10 July 2014 |url=http://www.universohq.com/chiaroscuro/pesquisar-quadrinhos-uma-tarefa-ingrata-e-desanimadora/ |publisher=[[Universo HQ]] |publication-date=2014-07-10}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> boosted the creation of multiple "kings" and "[[jungle girls]]"<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last=Sérgio Codespoti |title=Marvel revive personagens dos anos 70 - Shanna |date=6 October 2006 |url=http://www.universohq.com/materias/marvel-revive-personagens-dos-anos-70/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2006-10-03}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite book |last=Shirrel Rhoades |title=A complete history of American comic books |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2008 |page=51 |id=9781433101076}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Don Markstein |title=Tarzan of The Apes |url=http://www.toonopedia.com/tarzan.htm |publisher=Don Markstein's Toonopedia™ Home Page}}</ref> (also called "jungle women").<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last1=Gonçaves |first1=Carlos |url=http://www.marcadefantasia.com/revistas/ego/outras-edicoes/ashq11-20/ashq12/ashq12.pdf |title=As Mulheres da Selva |last2=Guimarães |first2=Edgard |publisher=EGO |series=Artigos sobre Histórias em Quadrinhos |volume=12 |publication-place=2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |year=2007 |title=Musas de Papel |journal=Revista Crash |publisher=Editora Escala |issn=1980-8739}}</ref> Some of these manifestations were independent - in 1931, writer [[Jerry Siegel]], who would eventually become one of the creators of [[Superman]] but at the time was still in high school, created a Tarzan parody for [[Glenville High School|Glenville High School's]] student newspaper The Torch<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gerard Jones |title=Homens do Amanhã - geeks, gângsteres e o nascimento dos gibis |publisher=[[Conrad Editora]] |year=2006 |id=85-7616-160-5}}</ref> - while others were crafted for professional purposes. In 1933, Filipinos Francisco Reyes ([[cartoonist]]) and Pedrito Reyes ([[comic book writer]]), created one of the first Tarzan copies, ''Kulafu''.<ref>Patajo-Legasto (2008) Philippine Studies: Have We Gone Beyond St. Louis? UP Press {{ISBN|9789711550974}}</ref> In 1934, [[Alex Raymond]] created the comic strips [[Flash Gordon]] and [[Jungle Jim]] to compete, respectively, with [[Buck Rogers]] and [[Tarzan]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Maria Beatriz Furtado Rahde |title=Imagem: estética moderna & pós-moderna - Volume 7 de Coleção Comunicação |publisher=EDIPUCRS |year=2000 |page=54 |id=9788574301426}}</ref> Jim, however, was not a "King of the Jungle", but a hunter<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adilson Thieghi |title=Jim das Selvas |date=December 2008 |url=http://www.universohq.com/reviews/jim-das-selvas/ |publisher=Universo HQ}}</ref> who had adventures in Asian jungles.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Anthony L. Fletcher |title=Don't Dare Miss the Next Thrilling Chapter |publisher=Hillcrest Publishing Group |year=2009 |page=42 |id=9781936107186}}</ref> At the beginning of the series, there was the character Zobi, the jungle boy.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Raymond |first=Alex |title=Jungle Jim. While attempting to recapture a black panther stolen from him by Zobi, the jungle boy, Jim is surprised and attacked by the same beast… / Flash Gordon. Having crashed in the magnetic mountains while enroute to the prison city of Hawkmen our friends are attacked by the brown dwarfs |url=https://library.osu.edu/dc/concern/generic_works/g7330c05b?locale=en#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0&xywh=-1318,165,5236,1999 |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=[[Ohio State University]]}}</ref>

In 1936, [[Timely Comics]] (now [[Marvel Comics]]) published the first issue of the [[pulp magazine]] "[[Ka-Zar (David Rand)|Ka-Zar]]", starring the title character, a young man named David Rand who had been raised in the [[Belgian Congo]] alongside the lion Zar.<ref name=":4" /> In addition, William L. Chester released the character Kioga from the book series, who lives his adventures in the [[Bering Strait]],<ref name=":19">{{Cite book |last=Richard A. Lupoff |title=Master of adventure: the worlds of Edgar Rice Burroughs |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |year=2005 |id=9780803280304}}</ref> and in 1938, Kioga was given the series [[Hawk of the Wilderness]], played by [[Bruce Bennett|Herman Brix]],<ref name=":7">Mattos, A. C. Gomes de. A Outra Face de Hollywood: Filme B. [S.l.]: Rio de Janeiro: [[:pt:Rocco (editora)|Rocco]]. [[:pt:Especial:Fontes de livros/8532514960|ISBN 85-325-1496-0]]</ref> who had also played Tarzan in the film serial ''[[The New Adventures of Tarzan]]'' released in 1935.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jonathan Etter |title=Quinn Martin, Producer: A Behind-The-Scenes History of Qm Productions and Its Founder |publisher=McFarland |year=2003 |id=9780786415014}}</ref> In the fifth issue of [[Adventure Comics|New Comics]] (June 1936), Homer Fleming's character Sandor was introduced, who had adventures in Northeast [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goulart |first=Ron |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gW36Qs3rLB0C&dq=%22sandor%22+%22homer+fleming%22&pg=PA28 |title=Comic Book Culture: An Illustrated History |year=2000 |publisher=Collectors Press, Inc. |isbn=9781888054385 |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Jungle_comics_099.jpg|left|thumb|Kaanga on the cover of John Celardo's Jungle Comics #99, Fiction House, March 1948]]
In 1937, [[Will Eisner]] and [[Jerry Iger]] created [[Sheena, Queen of the Jungle]], one of the best known "jungle girls". Although well known,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sérgio Codespoti |title=Sheena vira revista mensal |date=4 June 2007 |url=http://www.universohq.com/noticias/sheena-vira-revista-mensal/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2007-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Sidney Gusman]] and Sérgio Codespoti |title=Morreu Will Eisner, o mestre |date=5 January 2005 |url=http://www.universohq.com/materias/morreu-will-eisner-o-mestre/}}</ref> the character was not the first to fit this archetype: in 1904 "[[Rima|Rima the Jungle Girl]]" had appeared as a character from the book [[Green Mansions|Green Mansions: A Romance of the Tropical Forest]], written by [[William Henry Hudson|W. H. Hudson]]<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Sérgio Codespoti |title=DC relançará Doc Savage |date=8 May 2009 |url=http://www.universohq.com/noticias/dc-relancara-doc-savage/ |publication-date=2009-05-08}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> - eight years before Tarzan.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Tarzan: a Volta do Rei das Selvas e Outras Histórias |year=2011}}</ref>
[[File:Winter_1939_issue_of_Jungle_Stories.jpg|thumb|Ki-Gor in Jungle Stories from Fiction House, 1939]]
Sheena was the first "[[jungle girl]]" to wear a leopard-skin bikini, which would soon become a ''cliché'',<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Roberto Guedes |year=2003 |title=Os Vários sósias de Tarzan |journal=Stripmania |publisher=Opera Graphica |volume=2 |issn=1677-0862}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mike Madrid |title=The supergirls: fashion, feminism, fantasy, and the history of comic book heroines |publisher=Exterminating Angel Press |year=2009 |id=9781935259039}}</ref> and was also the first heroine to get her own comic book, published by [[Fiction House]] between 1942 and 1953.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":9" /> Rima would only have her first comic book version in 1952, in issue #90 of [[Classics Illustrated]], drawn by [[Alex Blum]],<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=William B. Jones |title=Classics Illustrated:A Cultural History |publisher=McFarland |year=2011 |id=9780786438402}}</ref> and a regular series in 1974, by [[DC Comics]], and even appeared in three episodes of the cartoon [[Super Friends]].<ref name=":8" />

In 1939, Ka-Zar makes his comic book debut in ''[[Marvel Mystery Comics|Marvel Comics]]'' #1, the publisher's first publication of its kind and the first written by Ben Thompson. It was adapted from Bob Byrd's short story "King of Fang and Claw", initially published in the hero's [[pulp magazine]]. Besides the Belgian Congo, Ka-Zar would live adventures in [[Somaliland]] (a region of [[Somalia]]), [[Ethiopia]], [[Kenya]], [[England]] and the [[United States]] and face the most varied villains: hunters, [[Smuggling|smugglers]], [[Fascism|fascists]], [[Nazism|Nazis]], among others. In 1941, the hero participated in a story by the [[Android (robot)|android]] [[Human Torch (android)|Human Torch]]. Ka-Zar was published by the company until 1942.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Sérgio Codespoti |title=Ka-Zar, um dos personagens mais antigos da Marvel |date=25 February 2013 |url=http://www.universohq.com/materias/ka-zar-um-dos-personagens-mais-antigos-da-marvel/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2013-01-25}}</ref>
[[File:Nyoka_the_Jungle_Girl_6A.png|thumb|Cover of [[Nyoka the Jungle Girl]] No. 6, April 1947, [[Fawcett Comics]], character created for a [[Republic Pictures]] serial in 1941.]]
In 1940, [[Fiction House]] started publishing the stories of "Kaanga, Jungle King"<ref name=":2" /> and [[Sheena, Queen of the Jungle]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Toni Rodrigues |title=Ebal 60 anos: uma celebração |date=31 March 2005 |url=http://www.universohq.com/materias/ebal-60-anos-uma-celebracao/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2005-03-31}}</ref> Besides Kaanga and Sheena, Fiction House had already published, in the pulp magazine [[Jungle Stories (magazine)|Jungle Stories]], the character "Ki-Gor".<ref name=":5" /> Also published by Fiction House were "Camilla, Queen of the Lost Empire", created by C. A. Winter and "Tabu, the Jungle Wizard", created by [[Fletcher Hanks]].<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ivy Press |title=Heritage Comics Dallas Signature Auction Catalog #820 |publisher=Heritage Capital Corporation |year=2006 |page=214 |id=9781599670447}}</ref>

In 1941, [[Republic Pictures]] released the film serial [[Jungle Girl (serial)|Jungle Girl]], about young [[Nyoka the Jungle Girl|Nyoka Meredith]] (Frances Gifford), raised in [[Africa]] by her father. The studio used a title from [[Jungle Girl (novel)|a novel]] by [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]], however, the story and character were created by the studio. The following year it released a new sitcom, [[Perils of Nyoka]], this time, Nyoka had her last name changed to Gordon and was played [[Kay Aldridge]].<ref name=":7" /> In the same year, she got comic books published by [[Fawcett Comics]]<ref>Denis Gifford. The international book of comics. [S.l.]: Crescent Books, 1984. 102 p. 9780517439272</ref><ref name=":6" /> and in 1944, [[Linda Stirling]] stars in another studio serial, [[The Tiger Woman (1944 film)|The Tiger Woman]], this time set in [[South America]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mattos, A. C. Gomes de. |title=As Rainhas da Selva |url=http://www.historiasdecinema.com/2010/05/as-rainhas-das-selvas/ |publisher=Histórias de Cinema |publication-date=2010-05-06}}</ref>

The Haitian [[André LeBlanc (artist)|Andre LeBlanc]] creates the Brazilian jungle girl ''Morena Flor'',<ref>{{Cite book |last=de Rosa |first=Franco |url=http://chiaroscuro-studios.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Grande-Almanaque-dos-Super-herois-Brasileiros-Chiaroscuro-Studios-Yearbook-2019.pdf |title=Grande Almanaque dos Super-Heróis Brasileiros |publisher=Chiaroscuro Studios |year=2019 |editor-last=Prado |editor-first=Joe |location=Brazil |pages=80; 129 |language=pt}}</ref> published in daily comic strips and in the comic book of Capitão Atlas, a kind of Brazilian hunter similar to [[Jungle Jim]] created for a radio show.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1998 |title=A origem das séries de aventura e mistério da radiofonia brasileira e sua interação como história em quadrinhos-1940-1959 |url=http://www.portcom.intercom.org.br/pdfs/ce4cebdd56a07e26db1b9c83d065efa3.PDF |publisher=XXI Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências da Comunicação}}</ref> LeBlanc was [[Sy Barry]]'s assistant on another jungle hero: [[The Phantom]], created by [[Lee Falk]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bigorna.net: Os Imortais: André Le Blanc: um Discreto Gigante |url=https://www.bigorna.net/index.php?secao=osimortais&id=1301872897 |access-date=2022-09-11 |website=www.bigorna.net}}</ref>

In 1949, actor [[Steve Reeves]] starred in the [[Television pilot|pilot episode]] of the TV series Kimbar of the Jungle, however, the project was not approved.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vincent Terrace |title=Crime Fighting Heroes of Television: Over 10,000 Facts from 151 Shows, 1949-2001 |publisher=McFarland |year=2002 |isbn=9780786413959 |pages=98–99}}</ref>

In the 1950s, two artists who drew Tarzanesque heroes from Fiction House would work on Tarzan comic strips: [[John Celardo]] (who illustrated stories starring Kaanga)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sérgio Codespoti |title=Morreu Al Williamson, um dos grandes mestres dos quadrinhos |date=15 June 2010 |url=http://www.universohq.com/noticias/morreu-al-williamson-um-dos-grandes-mestres-dos-quadrinhos/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2010-06-15}}</ref> and [[Bob Lubbers]] (who illustrated stories featuring Camilla).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bob Lubbers: 15 Minutes Of Fame |url=http://www.paulgravett.com/index.php/articles/article/bob_lubbers/ |publisher=Paulgravett.com |publication-date=2009-08-09}}</ref>

=== Black Tarzanesques ===
[[File:All_Negro_Comics_page.jpg|left|thumb|151x151px|"Lion Man" page from All-Negro Comics #1 (1947).]]
In 1947, disturbed by the way [[black people]] were portrayed in comic books (especially in hero stories set in Africa),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexandre de Maio |year=2010 |title=Influência nos quadrinhos |url=http://racabrasil.uol.com.br/cultura-gente/140/cartoons-influencia-nos-quadrinhos-161056-1.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105142842/http://racabrasil.uol.com.br/cultura-gente/140/cartoons-influencia-nos-quadrinhos-161056-1.asp |archive-date=2013-11-05 |publisher=Revista Raça #140}}</ref> the African-American journalist [[Orrin C. Evans]] created the comic book  [[All-Negro Comics]], produced and directed to the black audience (something like the so-called [[race film]]s<ref name=":7" /><ref group="nt">The word race was used in a pejorative sense; in the 1950s, the terms race music and race records were replaced by [[rhythm and blues]] or R&B. ''in'' [http://repositorio.unesp.br/bitstream/handle/11449/127967/000846628.pdf?sequence=1 Black Pau: A soul music no Brasil nos anos 1970]</ref> between the 1910s and 1950s and the [[Blaxploitation]] movies in the 1970s).<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Cláudio Roberto Basílio |title=Os Negros nas Histórias em Quadrinhos - Parte 3 |url=http://hqmaniacs.com.br/principal.asp?acao=materias&cod_materia=303 |publisher=HQManiacs |publication-date=2005-04-12}}</ref> In this comic book  Orrin's brother, George J. Evans Jr., created the hero Lion Man, an African-American scientist in the service of the [[United Nations|UN]], which when sent to the [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] in [[Africa]], comes across a [[uranium]] mine and, fearing that the mine fell into the wrong hands, he decides to protect it and becomes a kind of black Tarzanesque. Despite the efforts, the comic book  lasted only one issue.<ref name=":14">{{Cite web |last=Cláudio Roberto Basílio |title=Os Negros nas Histórias em Quadrinhos - Parte 1 |url=http://hqmaniacs.com.br/principal.asp?acao=materias&cod_materia=297 |publisher=HQManiacs |publication-date=2005-03-03}}</ref> This was not the first attempt at a black Tarzanesque; the also African-American [[Matt Baker (artist)|Matt Baker]]<ref name=":10" /> created Voodah<ref>{{Cite book |last=William W. Savage |title=Commies, cowboys, and jungle queens: comic books and America, 1945-1954 |publisher=Wesleyan University Press |year=1990 |pages=135–136}}</ref> in 1945, for the third issue of Golfing/McCombs Publisher's Crown Comics{{Obsolete source|date=November 2022}}. On the cover of the fifth issue, Voodah appears as a [[Caucasian race|Caucasian]] (although he was still black on the inside pages), and in the next issue, Voodah became white on the inside pages as well.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Golden Age (1938-1955) |url=http://comics.ha.com/common/auction/catalogprint.php?SaleNo=16082&src= |publisher=Heritage Austin}}</ref>

=== Indian Tarzanesques ===
[[File:Buster Brown Comic Book 35.jpg|thumb|Ghanga/Gunga in Buster Brown Comic Book #5 (July, 1954)]]
[[File:Wambi,_Jungle_Boy_18.jpg|left|thumb|Wambi Jungle Boy #18 (1952)]]
[[File:The_Jungle_Book_(1942)_Bagheera_&_Mowgli.png|thumb|Bagheera and Mowgli in [[Jungle Book (1942 film)|Jungle Book]]]]
[[Fiction House]] released a few characters of Indian origin like Wambi the Jungle Boy, released in ''Jungle Comics'' #1 in January 1940). Co-created by [[Henry C. Kiefer|Henry Kiefer]], Wambi lived in a jungle that mixed elements of African and Indian jungles, and in addition to Jungle Comics, Wambi was published in his own comic book .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Don Markstein's Toonopedia: Wambi the Jungle Boy |url=http://www.toonopedia.com/wambi.htm |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=www.toonopedia.com}}</ref> As female examples, there is Taj of the Elephants, an anonymously created character released in Jungle Comics #57 (1944)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frankel |first=Valerie Estelle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F7UEEAAAQBAJ&q=Jungle+Comics+ |title=Wonder Women and Bad Girls: Superheroine and Supervillainess Archetypes in Popular Media |date=12 October 2020 |publisher=McFarland |publication-date=2020-10-12 |page=8 |isbn=9781476684093 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tales From the Code: The Near Extinction of Sheena – Comic Book Legal Defense Fund |url=https://cbldf.org/2013/01/tales-from-the-code-the-near-extinction-of-sheena/ |access-date=2022-10-13 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=G. W. |title=The Jungle Girl List |url=https://darkworldsquarterly.gwthomas.org/the-jungle-girl-list/ |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=Dark Worlds Quarterly |date=11 November 2019 |language=en |publication-date=2019-11-11}}</ref> and Jan of the Jungle, co-created by Enrico Bagnoli and released in Rangers Comics #42 (August 1948).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jan of the Jungle |url=http://jessnevins.com/encyclopedia/janofthejungle.html |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=jessnevins.com}}</ref> In Buster Brown Comics #11 (1948), the character Ghanga was released, later spelled Gunga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ghanga |url=http://jessnevins.com/encyclopedia/ghanga.html |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=jessnevins.com}}</ref> In addition, the Indian-American actor [[Sabu (actor)|Sabu Dastagir]] played two characters created by [[Rudyard Kipling]]: [[Toomai of the Elephants|Toomai]] in [[Elephant Boy (film)|Elephant Boy]] (1937) and Mowgli in [[Rudyard Kipling's Jungle Book|Jungle Book]] (1942),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lawrence |first=Michael |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oFjyDwAAQBAJ&dq=sabu+elephant+boy+fox&pg=PT56 |title=Sabu |date=2019-07-25 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781838717902 |language=en}}</ref> as well as becoming a comic book character inspired by these roles: Sabu, Elephant Boy, published in Red Circle Comics #4 (April 1945)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Carlson-Ghost |first=Mark |year=2020 |title=The Forgotten Super-Heroes Of 1944-45 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8i3gDwAAQBAJ&dq=sabu+%22rural+home%22&pg=PA58 |journal=Alter Ego (Revista) |publisher=TwoMorrows Publishing |volume=164 |page=58}}</ref> and a two-issue comic book  of his own with stories illustrated by [[Wally Wood]] and published by [[Fox Feature Syndicate]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wood |first=Wallace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqrDgAAQBAJ&dq=sabu+elephant+boy+fox&pg=PA44 |title=Wallace Wood Checklist |publisher=TwoMorrows Publishing |language=en}}</ref> In 1946, in the pages of the French comic book  Fillette, the heroine Durga Râni appeared, written by René Thévenin and illustrated by [[René Pellos]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Durga Rani |url=https://www.coolfrenchcomics.com/durgarani.htm |access-date=2022-10-12 |website=www.coolfrenchcomics.com}}</ref>

=== In the 1950s ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 300
| image1            = Robertorenzi-by-joe-zattere.jpg
| caption1          = Roberto Renzi, co-creator of Akim
| image2            = Thunda 03-00fc.jpg
| caption2          = Cover of Thun'da, King of the Congo #3 (1952) - Art by Bob Powell
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In 1950, [[Akim (comics)|Akim]] appeared in the Italian wallet-sized format comic book  ''Albo Gioello'' created by the comic book writer [[Roberto Renzi]] and the cartoonist Augusto Pedrazza. The character, who was published until 1991, didn't live adventures only in the jungles, but also fought common criminals in the so-called "civilized world", and for this he even wore common clothes used in big [[metropolis]]es.<ref name=":3" />

In 1952, [[Frank Frazetta]] created [[Thun'da]], King of Congo for [[Magazine Enterprises]], which even had a series in the same year called [[King of the Congo]] starring [[Buster Crabbe]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sérgio Codespoti |title=Dark Horse lançará coleção com material raro de Frank Frazetta |date=10 February 2010 |url=http://www.universohq.com/noticias/dark-horse-lancara-colecao-com-material-raro-de-frank-frazetta/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2010-02-10}}</ref> (actor who had already played Tarzan in the 1933 series [[Tarzan the Fearless]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jim Harmon, Donald F. Glut |title=Great Movie Serials |publisher=Routledge |year=1973 |page=34 |id=9780713000979}}</ref> Thun'da (whose real name is Robert Drum) is an [[United States Air Force|American Air Force]] aviator who gets lost in the [[Congo Free State|Congo]] and who, in the comics, faced [[dinosaur]]s and prehistoric beings,<ref group="nt">Elements that also existed in Tarzan stories, specifically in the lost world of ''[[Tarzan the Terrible|Pal-ul-don]]'' and in ''[[Pellucidar]]'', another book series created by [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]], creator of Tarzan ''in'' Allen A. Debus (2009). Prehistoric monsters: the real and imagined creatures of the past that we love to fear McFarland [S.l.] p. 275. {{ISBN|9780786442812}}</ref> but due to budget cuts, these elements were not present in the series.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jim Harmon, Donald F. Glut |title=Great Movie Serials |publisher=Routledge |year=1973 |pages=137–138 |id=9780713000979}}</ref> In the 1960s, Frazetta illustrated covers of [[paperback]] versions of Tarzan's stories published by [[Ace Books]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gary Valentine Lachman |title=Turn Off Your Mind: The Mystic Sixties and the Dark Side of the Age of Aquarius |publisher=The Disinformation Company |year=2003 |isbn=9780971394230}}</ref>
[[File:The_Israeli_Cartoon_Museum,_Display_View_016.jpg|thumb|Joe Kubert's Tor on display.]]
In 1953, [[Joe Kubert]] released [[Tor (comics)|Tor]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bill Schelly |title=Man of rock: a biography of Joe Kubert |publisher=[[Fantagraphics]] |year=2008 |id=9781560979289}}</ref> which differed from Tarzan by setting its stories in [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] times (more precisely in the year 1 million BC, corresponding to the [[Quaternary|Quaternary Period]], which is considered by paleontologists to be the time when the first humans appeared;<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tim Fridtjof Flannery |title=Os senhores do clima |publisher=Editora Record |year=2005 |page=71 |id=9788501075048}}</ref> despite this, the author used poetic license and included dinosaurs in Tor's stories).<ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Roy Thomas]] |title=Alter ego, the comic book artist collection |publisher=TwoMorrows Publishing |year=2001 |page=60 |id=9781893905061}}</ref> Years later Kubert would also draw the Tarzan comics.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sérgio Cariello e Equipe UHQ |title=Um mito do mundo dos quadrinhos |url=http://www.universohq.com/quadrinhos/entrevista_kubert01.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329095031/http://www.universohq.com/quadrinhos/entrevista_kubert01.cfm |archive-date=2013-03-29 |publisher=Universo HQ}}</ref> In the same year [[Atlas Comics (1950s)|Atlas Comics]] (the name used by [[Marvel Comics|Marvel]] during the 1950s) launched [[Lorna the Jungle Girl|Lorna the Jungle Queen]], a comic book  starring a blonde jungle girl.<ref name=":9" /> Between 1954 and 1955, it published two comic book s that had the jungles as a setting: [[Jungle Action]]<ref name=":15">{{Cite book |last=House Of Collectibles, Robert M Overstreet |title=Comic Book-17ed |publisher=Random House Information Group |year=1987 |page=211 |id=9780876377468}}</ref> and [[Jungle Tales]].<ref name=":11" /> Jungle Action published two characters typically inspired by Tarzan: Lo-Zar (the character had his name changed to Tharn and had his hair color changed from blond to red in republished in the 1970s so as not to be confused with Ka-Zar)<ref name=":12" /> and Jungle Boy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Denis Gifford |title=The international book of comics |publisher=Crescent Books |year=1984 |page=102 |id=9780517439272}}</ref> The jungle girl, Jann of the Jungle also appeared in Jungle Action #1, and from issue 8 on, the comic book  was renamed Jann of the Jungle,<ref group="nt">Common practice in American comic books) ''in'' Nano Souza (19 de maio de 2009). [http://hqmaniacs.com.br/principal.asp?acao=materias&cod_materia=606 A Complicada numeração das revistas americanas.]  HQManiacs</ref><ref name=":15" /> lasting for 9 more issues. In another comic book, Jungle Tales #1, was published the story Waku, Prince of the Bantu, a new attempt of a black hero set in the African jungles, created by unknown authors. The story featured an African prince<ref name=":14" /> whose character anticipated some of the concepts that would be present in [[Black Panther (character)|Black Panther]] (another Marvel character, created by [[Stan Lee]] and [[Jack Kirby]] in [[Fantastic Four]] #52, July 1966).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cláudio Roberto Basílio |title=Os Negros nas Histórias em Quadrinhos - Parte 2 |url=http://hqmaniacs.com.br/principal.asp?acao=materias&cod_materia=300 |publisher=HQManiacs |publication-date=2005-03-16}}</ref> In 1972, already as Marvel Comics, the publishing house launched a new comic book  called Jungle Action, whose first four issues featured reruns of Tharn, Jann and Lorna's<ref>{{Cite web |last=Don Markstein |title=Jann of the Jungle |url=http://www.toonopedia.com/jann.htm |publisher=Don Markstein's Toonopedia™ Home Page}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Robert M. Overstreet |title=Comic Bks Overs 18 |publisher=Random House, Incorporated |year=1988 |id=9780876377611}}</ref> stories published in the original comic book . The fifth issue, published in 1973, featured stories by the Black Panther.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ron Goulart |title=Great American comic books |publisher=Publications International |year=2001 |page=168 |id=9780785355908}}</ref><ref name=":13" /> Also in 1955, Republic Pictures released the TV series [[Panther Girl of the Kongo]], which resembled Jungle Girl, and even used scenes from Jungle Girl's archives.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stedman |title=Serials: Suspense and Drama By Installment |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-8061-0927-5 |page=141}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Harmon |first=Jim |title=The Great Movie Serials: Their Sound and Fury |publisher=Routledge |year=1973 |isbn=978-0-7130-0097-9 |page=17}}</ref> In Japan the film [[Brooba]] is released, clearly inspired by the films starring [[Johnny Weissmuller]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alexander Jacoby |title=A Critical Handbook of Japanese Film Directors: From the Silent Era to the Present Day |publisher=Stone Bridge Press |year=2003 |isbn=9781611725315}}</ref>

=== In the 1960s ===
[[File:Brazilian_Forest.jpg|thumb|Brazilian jungles also served as settings for the adventures of the Tarzanesque.]]
In 1962, Brazilian actor Wilson Vianna starred in two films of the Mexican tarzanesque ''Barú'': ''Barú,'' ''el hombre de la selva'' and ''El mundo salvaje de Barú''.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IPliAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Bar%C3%BA,+el+hombre+de+la+selva%22 |title=As noites da Fiorentina |publisher=Panorama Editora |year=2002 |language=pt}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Amador |first1=María Luisa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pb8uAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Bar%C3%BA,+el+hombre+de+la+selva%22+1962 |title=Cartelera cinematográafica, 1960-1969 |last2=Blanco |first2=Jorge Ayala |date=1986-01-01 |publisher=Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos, Coordinación General de Difusión Cultural, Dirección de Literatura/UNAM |isbn=9789688379455 |language=es}}</ref> On Brazilian TV, Vianna played Capitão Atlas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Peçanha |first=Oziel |title=Rádio & Televisão - Programação infantil |url=http://memoria.bn.br/docreader/DocReader.aspx?bib=089842_07&pagfis=79547 |website=Correio da Manhã (Brasil) |publication-date=1967-02-04}}</ref>

In the mid 60's, taking advantage of the success of the genre, other Brazilian publishers created their own tarzanesques. One of them was Targo (later renamed Taika) from Editora Outubro created by Heli Otávio de Moura Lacerda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Entrevista:Rodolfo Zalla |url=http://www.operagraphica.com.br/a_entrevista/entre_rodolfozalla.htm |access-date=2020-06-05 |website=Opera Graphica |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214140519/http://www.operagraphica.com.br/a_entrevista/entre_rodolfozalla.htm |archive-date=2008-02-14 |publication-date=2008-02-14}}</ref> Targo was an orphan who survived a plane crash in the [[Amazon rainforest]] (more precisely in the border of the state of [[Amazonas (Brazilian state)|Amazonas]] with [[Peru]], although he also had stories set in the [[Brazilian Highlands|Brazilian Plateau]]<ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=José Salles |title=Targo, o Tarzan brasileiro |url=http://www.bigorna.net/index.php?secao=gibizoide&id=1145507943 |publisher=Bigorna.net |publication-date=2006-04-20}}</ref>) and was raised by [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|indigenous peoples]]. The character had stories produced by artists such as Helena Fonseca, [[Jayme Cortez]], [[Gedeone Malagola]], [[Nico Rosso]], [[Rodolfo Zalla]], Moacir Rodrigues Soares,<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":17" /> and like Tarzan and Thun'da, Targo also lived with [[Prehistory|prehistoric]] creatures considered extinct. The idea of an Amazon inhabited by prehistoric beings had already been portrayed in the book [[The Lost World (Doyle novel)|The Lost World]] by [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], published in 1912.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jerome Clark |title=Unexplained!: strange sightings, incredible occurrences & puzzling physical phenomena |publisher=Visible Ink Press |year=1999 |id=9781578590704}}</ref> Like Tarzan, Targo also had his own family, consisting of his wife Arimá, her brother Aurici, and a [[jaguar]].<ref name=":17" /> Under Jayme Cortez's guidance, the character was a joint creation of editors and cartoonists from Editora Outubro , and it was up to Gedeone Malagola to name the hero. According to him, the name came from a policeman friend who had the surname "Targa" and he used to joke with the name of his friend comparing it to the Tarzan.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Levi Trindade |year=2008 |title=Homenagem a Gedeone Malagola, uma lenda dos gibis brasileiros |journal=Wizmania |publisher=[[Panini Comics]] |volume=6 |pages=56–59 |issn=1679-5598}}</ref> Coincidentally, Targa was also the name used in a French tarzanesque<ref name=":16" /> published in the 1940s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thierry Crépin |title=Haro sur le gangster!: la moralisation de la presse enfantine, 1934-1954 |publisher=CNRS |year=2001 |id=9782271059529}}</ref> Gedeone himself had also created another Tarzan-inspired character, "Tambu"<ref>{{Cite journal |last=[[Oscar C. Kern]] |year=1981 |title=Historieta #5 - Entrevista Gedeone Malagola |journal=Independente (Fanzine)}}</ref> and made [[Tor (comics)|Tor]] stories by [[Joe Kubert]] for Gráfica Novo Mundo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Toni Rodrigues |title=Resenha - O Homem Mosca # 1 (LaSelva) - Revista mensal |url=http://www.universohq.com/reviews/o-homem-mosca-1/ |access-date=2020-05-05 |website=[[Universo HQ]]|date=December 2007 }}</ref> Another example was Tarun by [[Paulo Fukue]], released in EDREL's ''Magia Verde'' comic book .<ref>{{Cite web |last=José Salles |title=Pabeyma: como o futuro era visto no passado |url=http://www.bigorna.net/index.php?secao=gibizoide&id=1142571140 |publisher=Bigorna.net |publication-date=2006-03-17}}</ref><ref name=":9" /> Like Thun'da, Tarun was a man trying to return to civilization, not fitting in the wild child/good savage archetypes, and like Targo, Tarun lived adventures in a lost region of the Amazon, the "Fantastic Region".<ref name=":9" /> For the Mexican origin publisher Editormex,<ref>[[:pt:Gonçalo Junior|Gonçalo Junior]] (15/08/2008). [http://hqmaniacs.com.br/principal.asp?acao=materias&cod_materia=542 Especial: Para Celebrar Eugênio Colonnese]. HQManiacs.</ref> the comics artist Edmundo Rodrigues drew a story of Antar (an anagram of Tarzan),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Toni Rodrigues e Sidney Gusman |title=HQ nacional de luto: morreram Naumim Aizen e Edmundo Rodrigues |url=http://universohq.com/quadrinhos/2012/n13092012_01.cfm |publisher=Universo HQ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919222529/http://universohq.com/quadrinhos/2012/n13092012_01.cfm |archive-date=2012-09-19 |publication-date=2012-09-13}}</ref> which was a magazine of [[photo comics]] of [[Tarzan]] movies, [[Jungle Jim]], among others.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gibiraro.com.br/persona.asp?id=14 |title=Antar |access-date=2022-11-08 |archive-date=2017-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206110137/http://www.gibiraro.com.br/persona.asp?id=14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
[[File:Tarzan_Finds_a_Son!_(movie_poster).jpg|left|thumb|227x227px|Poster for the 1939 film [[Tarzan Finds a Son!|Tarzan Finds a Son]].]]
In 1963, created by Marcel Navarro to compete with Akim, the French character Zembla appeared in the comic book  Spécial Kiwi, which even had stories drawn by Akim's co-creator Augusto Pedraza. However, Zembla's stories were closer to parodies, since he was raised by lions and wore a leopard skin strip, and had as allies a lion, a wildcat, a kangaroo, a pygmy, and a magician (clearly inspired by [[Lee Falk]]'s [[Mandrake the Magician|Mandrake]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Yann Moix |title=Partouz: Roman |publisher=Grasset |year=2004 |page=221 |id=9782246660910}}</ref> The character was published until 1994<ref name=":3" /> in France, and both Akim and Zembla were published in [[digest size]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Christophe Quillien |title=La bande dessinée à Paris - Paris est à nous |publisher=Parigramme |year=2003 |page=24}}</ref> Another French creation was Yataca, born in the Amazon Jungle, living his adventures in the Americas for twenty issues, and after that, inexplicably, his stories moved to Africa.<ref name=":3" />

Between 1967 and 1968, [[DC Comics]] published [[Bomba, the Jungle Boy]]<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hubert H. Crawford |title=Crawford's Encyclopedia of comic books |publisher=Jonathan David Publishers |year=1978 |id=9780824602215}}</ref> whose main character had appeared in a series of books beginning in 1926 and ending in 1938. Like Tarzan, Bomba was also adapted for the movies between 1949 and 1955, with his stories set in the jungles of [[South America]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kenneth B. Kidd |title=Making American boys: boyology and the feral tale |year=2004 |page=106 |id=9780816642953}}</ref> The character was played by [[Johnny Sheffield]] who had played Boy, Tarzan and Jane's adopted son in the 1939<ref>{{Cite book |last=Michael Ferguson |title=Idol worship: a shameless celebration of male beauty in the movies |publisher=STARbooks Press |year=2004 |page=96 |id=9781891855481}}</ref> film [[Tarzan Finds a Son!]]. In the series of Bomba films, Boy replaced [[Korak (character)|Korak]], Tarzan's legitimate son in the book series,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Toni Rodrigues |title=Tarzan Especial em Cores #1 |date=December 2007 |url=http://www.universohq.com/reviews/tarzan-especial-em-cores-1-1a-serie/ |publisher=[[Universo HQ]]}}</ref> and South America was swapped for Africa, with scenes reused from the 1930<ref name=":7" /> documentary [[Africa Speaks!]] His stories would be republished by the publisher in the 1970s in comic book s starring Tarzan and produced by [[Joe Kubert]]. To avoid copyright infringement, Bomba was renamed Simba.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Craig Shutt |title=Baby Boomer Comics: The Wild, Wacky, Wonderful Comic Books of the 1960s! |publisher=Krause Publications |year=2003 |page=158 |id=9780873496681}}</ref>

== Ka-Zar and Shanna ==
[[File:Le_Pays_Sauvage..svg|left|thumb|290x290px|Location of the [[Savage Land]] from the [[Marvel Comics|Marvel comics]].]]
[[File:ATEC1962.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Cavemen and dinosaurs in the lost world of [[Pellucidar]], cover of the book At The Earth's Core by [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]], 1962, art by [[Roy Krenkel]].]]
A new version of [[Ka-Zar (Kevin Plunder)|Ka-Zar]] was made in 1965 by [[Stan Lee]] and [[Jack Kirby]], inspired by [[Tarzan]] and [[Tor (comics)|Tor]] by [[Joe Kubert]].<ref name=":12" /> The new Ka-Zar appears as a secondary character in the [[Uncanny X-Men]] comic book , where the [[Belgian Congo]] was swapped for the fictional [[Savage Land]] (a tropical zone curiously located in the [[Antarctic Circle]],<ref name=":3" /> also inhabited by apparently extinct prehistoric beings, very similar to [[Pellucidar]], the [[Hollow Earth|hollow earth]] created by Burroughs),<ref name=":19" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jeffery Klaehn |title=Inside the World of Comic Books |publisher=Black Rose Books |year=2007 |id=9781551642963}}</ref> the lion Zar for the [[Smilodon|saber-toothed cat]] [[Zabu]], and David Rand for Kevin Plunder.<ref name=":4" /> Ka-Zar was the most successful tarzanesque; he had several comic book s of his own, mini-series and graphic novels.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frank Plowright |title=The slings & arrows comic guide |publisher=Slings & Arrows |year=2003 |page=39 |id=9780954458904}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sérgio Codespoti |title=Marvel Comics lançará nova revista de Ka-Zar |date=6 June 2011 |url=http://www.universohq.com/noticias/marvel-comics-lancara-nova-revista-de-ka-zar/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2011-06-06}}</ref> In 1973, [[Marvel Comics]] released another jungle girl, [[Shanna the She-Devil|Shanna]], with her own comic book  that only lasted five issues, but continued to have stories published in Ka-Zar's (whom she eventually married),<ref name=":9" /> [[Daredevil (Marvel Comics character)|Daredevil's]] and [[Hulk|Hulk's]] comic books.<ref name=":18" />

== Tarzanesques today ==
In 2000, [[TV Globo]] launched the telenovela ''[[Uga-Uga]]'' by Carlos Lombardi, where the actor [[Cláudio Heinrich|Claudio Heinrich]] played a young man raised by [[Indigenous peoples in Brazil|indigenous peoples]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131205162120/http://memoriaglobo.globo.com/programas/entretenimento/novelas/uga-uga.htm Uga Uga] - [[:pt:Memória Globo|Memória Globo]]</ref> who looked like [[Tarzan]].<ref>[http://diario.elmercurio.com/detalle/index.asp?id={5fa79f02-6ddb-4409-a2b3-c2ee5a05224b} Uga Uga sube rating de Red TV]</ref><ref>[https://observatoriodatelevisao.bol.uol.com.br/destaque/2017/05/uga-uga-fez-historia-ao-vencer-outras-duas-estreias-ha-17-anos Uga Uga fez história ao vencer outras duas estreias há 17 anos]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Aragão |first=Octavio |title=Kubanakan é SCI-FI: Entrevista com Carlos Lombardi |date=7 April 2008 |url=http://intemblog.blogspot.com/2008/04/kubanakan-sci-fi-entrevista-com-carlos.html |publication-date=2008-04-07}}</ref>

Several of the Tarzanesques created for the North American market are in the [[public domain]] in this country.<ref>{{Cite book |last=[[Roy Thomas]] |title=Alter Ego: The Graphic Novel |publisher=Heroic Publishing Inc |year=2005 |id=9780929729022}}</ref> This is due to the fact that with the implementation of the [[Comics Code Authority]] in the mid 1950s, several publishers were closed down<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leandro Luigi Del Manto |title=Supremo - A Era de Bronze |publisher=Devir Livraria |year=2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sérgio Codespoti |title=Black Terror ganhará minissérie |date=11 July 2008 |url=http://www.universohq.com/noticias/black-terror-ganhara-minisserie/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2008-07-11}}</ref> and did not renew the rights to their characters, as did the heirs of [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]] and companies such as [[The Walt Disney Company]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marcus Ramone e Sérgio Codespoti |title=Super-Homem na Marvel: sonho ou realidade? |date=6 May 2008 |url=http://www.universohq.com/noticias/super-homem-na-marvel-sonho-ou-realidade/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2008-05-06}}</ref>

[[Tarzan]] also entered the public domain in 2001,<ref name=":20">{{Cite web |last=Leandro Damasceno |title=Dynamite lança novo título do senhor das selvas |url=http://hqmaniacs.com.br/principal.asp?acao=noticias&cod_noticia=32055 |publisher=HQManiacs |publication-date=2011-09-22}}</ref> but before that some authors were already using him in stories. From the mid-1990s to the early 2000s, the character participated in official [[Crossover (fiction)|crossovers]] published with [[Batman]],<ref>{{Cite book |title=Comics Values Annual 2008:The Comic Book Price Guide |publisher=Krause Publications |year=2008 |id=9780896896055}}</ref> [[Superman]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alex G. Malloy, Robert J. Sodaro |title=Superman/Tarzan: Sons of the Jungle |url=http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/11-387/Superman-Tarzan-Sons-of-the-Jungle-1-of-3 |publisher=[[Dark Horse Comics]]}}</ref> and [[Predator (film)|Predator]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarzan vs Predator At the-Earth's Core |url=http://www.darkhorse.com/Comics/93-724/Tarzan-vs-Predator-at-the-Earths-Core-1-of-4 |publisher=Dark Horse Comics}}</ref> In 1999, comic book writer [[Warren Ellis]] and cartoonist [[John Cassaday]] created several pulp-inspired characters for the [[Planetary series]]. Kevin Sack, the Lord Blackstock (an allusion to the title Lord Greystone, which Tarzan inherited from his father<ref name=":2" />) is clearly inspired by Tarzan,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Humberto Yashima |title=Devir lança Jenny Sparks |url=http://www.bigorna.net/index.php?secao=comics&id=1159747623 |publisher=Bigorna.net |publication-date=2006-10-02}}</ref><ref>Warren Ellis, John Cassaday. Planetary #1 (1999) [[:pt:Wildstorm|Wildstorm]]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sérgio Codespoti |title=Penúltimo número de Planetary será lançado esta semana |date=24 October 2006 |url=http://www.universohq.com/noticias/penultimo-numero-de-planetary-sera-lancado-esta-semana/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2006-10-24}}</ref> and in 2000, [[Alan Moore]] used a version of Tarzan in his [[The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen]], without, however, having his name revealed in the series.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Christopher Knowles, Joseph Michael Linsner |title=Our Gods Wear Spandex: The Secret History of Comic Book Heroes |publisher=Weiser Books |year=2007 |page=75 |id=9781578634064}}</ref>

In 2005, [[Shanna the She-Devil|Shanna]] had a miniseries produced by comic book artist [[Frank Cho]], who also created his own jungle girl named Jana released in the Jungle Girl miniseries published by [[Dynamite Entertainment]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Andréa Pereira |title=Jungle Girl finalmente é lançada nos EUA |url=http://hqmaniacs.com.br/principal.asp?acao=noticias&cod_noticia=13053 |publisher=HQ Maniacs |publication-date=2007-09-19}}</ref> (known for publishing numerous projects with characters in the public domain).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogério Vieira |title=Dynamite em junho |url=http://hqmaniacs.com.br/principal.asp?acao=noticias&cod_noticia=15471 |publisher=HQManiacs |publication-date=2008-04-08}}</ref> In 2006, [[Marvel Comics]] recognized the original [[Ka-Zar (David Rand)|Ka-Zar]] as an integral part of the [[Marvel Universe]] in the sixth issue of [[Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe|All-New Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A to Z]],<ref name=":12" /> the publisher's official guide.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sérgio Codespoti |title=Novas minisséries da Marvel |date=20 October 2005 |url=http://www.universohq.com/noticias/novas-minisseries-da-marvel/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2005-10-20}}</ref> However, the character did not appear in any new stories (as did the original [[Human Torch]], for example).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sérgio Codespoti |title=O Tocha Humana original está de volta |date=17 August 2009 |url=http://www.universohq.com/noticias/o-tocha-humana-original-esta-de-volta/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2009-08-17}}</ref>

In 2007, [[Sheena, Queen of the Jungle]] had a five-issue miniseries published by Devil's Due Digital, scripted by [[Steven E. de Souza]] (a screenwriter best known for the screenplay of the [[Bruce Willis]] film [[Die Hard]]), drawings by Matt Merhoff, and covers designed by [[Joe Jusko]], [[Nicola Scott]], [[Khary Randolph]], and [[Tim Seeley]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Sheena vira revista mensal |date=4 June 2007 |url=http://www.universohq.com/noticias/sheena-vira-revista-mensal/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2007-06-04}}</ref> In early 2010, Devil's Due Digital began distributing [[Digitization|digitized]] Sheena material.<ref>[http://www.devilsduedigital.com/titles/sheena.php ''Sheena''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727103420/http://www.devilsduedigital.com/titles/sheena.php |date=2013-07-27 }} [http://www.devilsduedigital.com/titles/sheena.php Arquivado em 27 de julho de 2013] . quadrinhos digitais de Devil's Due Digital.</ref>

In 2008, comic book writer Alex Mir and illustrator Alex Genaro released the ''Valkíria'', that shows the title character in a post-apocalyptic [[Brazil]] where prehistoric creatures have returned to live on Earth.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Segunda edição de Tempestade Cerebral à venda :: HQ MANIACS :: |date=18 August 2017 |url=http://hqmeditora.com.br/Segunda_edicao_de_Tempestade_Cerebral_a_venda_15294.html |access-date=2022-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190224062602/http://hqmeditora.com.br/Segunda_edicao_de_Tempestade_Cerebral_a_venda_15294.html |archive-date=2019-02-24 |publication-date=2019-02-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Conheça Valkíria de Alex Genaro e Alex Mir |url=https://ultimatodobacon.com/conheca-valkiria-de-alex-genaro-e-alex-mir/ |publisher=Ultimato do Bacon |publication-date=2021-07-04}}</ref>

In 2011, [[Dynamite Entertainment]] launched Lord of the Jungle comic book , and although it is in the public domain, the name Tarzan cannot be used in the titles without permission.<ref name=":20" /> Later, the publisher announced that it would publish a new series of Thun'da, and in the first issue, the publisher chose to republish the origin of the character drawn by the creator [[Frank Frazetta]] along with the new stories produced by Robert Place Napton (scripts), with Cliff Richards (drawings) and cover by [[Jae Lee]] (cover).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Samir Naliato |title=Dynamite publicará nova série de Thun'da, criação de Frank Frazetta |date=18 May 2012 |url=http://www.universohq.com/noticias/dynamite-publicara-nova-serie-de-thunda-criacao-de-frank-frazetta/ |publisher=Universo HQ |publication-date=2012-05-18}}</ref> In 2015, Dynamite announced a Tarzan and Sheena crossover,<ref>[http://www.comicbookresources.com/article/sdcc-dynamite-launches-sheena-queen-of-the-jungle-with-tarzan-team-up SDCC: Dynamite to Launch Sheena, Queen of the Jungle With Tarzan Team-Up]</ref> released in 2016 under the title Lords of the Jungle. The company also announced a new Sheena series for 2017 by comic book writers [[Marguerite Bennett]] and [[Christine Trujillo|Christina Trujillo]] and comic artist [[Moritat (comics)|Moritat]], set on [[Amazon rainforest|Amazon]] instead of [[Africa]].<ref>[http://www.cbr.com/sheena-moneypenny-turok-dynamite-entertainment/ Dynamite Announces New Sheena, Moneypenny & Turok Comics]</ref>

In July 2023, [[Antarctic Press]] announced the publication of ''Valkíria'' in their version of ''Jungle Comics''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-22 |title=ANTARCTIC PRESS OCTOBER 2023 SOLICITATIONS |url=https://www.firstcomicsnews.com/antarctic-press-october-2023-solicitations/ |access-date=2023-07-24 |language=en-US}}</ref>

== See also ==

* [[Noble savage]]
* [[Feral child]]
* [[Prehistoric fiction]]
* [[George of the Jungle]]
* [[Caveman]]
* [[The Jungle Book]]
* [[Lost world]]
* [[The Phantom]]
* [[Pulp magazine]]

== Notes ==

<references group="nt" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{Cite book |last=GOIDA; KLEINERT, André |title=Enciclopédia dos Quadrinhos |publisher=L&PM Editores |year=2011 |isbn=9788525424518}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.erbzine.com/mag16/1685x.html Tarzan influenced comics]

{{Tarzan}}

[[Category:Comics terminology]]
[[Category:Jungle superheroes]]
[[Category:Jungle men]]
[[Category:Stock characters]]
[[Category:Adventure fiction]]
[[Category:Works based on Tarzan]]