View source for Kaze to Ki no Uta

{{Short description|Japanese manga series by Keiko Takemiya}}
{{Featured article}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox animanga/Header
| name            = {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}
| image           = Poem-Wind-Trees.jpg{{!}}border
| caption         = The cover of the first {{transliteration|ja|[[tankōbon]]}} volume, featuring Gilbert (left) and Serge (right)
| alt             = Stylized painting of the characters Gilbert and Serge
| ja_kanji        = 風と木の詩
| genre           = [[Yaoi|{{transliteration|ja|Shōnen-ai}}]]<ref name="Nippon.com"/><!-- Note: Use and cite reliable sources to identify genre/s, not personal interpretation. Please don't include more than three genres (per [[MOS:A&M]]). -->
| creator         = [[Keiko Takemiya]]
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Print
| type            = manga
| author          = Keiko Takemiya
| publisher       = [[Shogakukan]]
| demographic     = [[Shōjo manga|{{transliteration|ja|Shōjo}}]]
| magazine        = {{ubl|[[Shōjo Comic|Shūkan Shōjo Comic]]|{{noitalic|(February 29, 1976 – November 5, 1980)}}|[[Petit Flower]]|{{noitalic|(February 1981 – June 1984)}}}}
| first           = February 29, 1976
| last            = June 1984
| volumes         = 17
| volume_list     =
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Video
| type            = ova
| title           = {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta Sanctus: Sei Naru Kana}}
| director        = [[Yoshikazu Yasuhiko]]
| music           = {{ill|Nobuyuki Nakamura|ja|中村暢之}}
| runtime         = 60 minutes
| released        = November 6, 1987
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Other
| title           = Sequels and related works
| content         =
* {{transliteration|ja|[[Sunroom Nite]]}} (1970)
* {{transliteration|ja|Kami no Kohitsuji: Agnus Dei}} (1990–1994)
* {{transliteration|ja|Kōfuku no Hato}} (1991)
}}
{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}
{{nihongo||風と木の詩|'''Kaze to Ki no Uta'''|{{lit}} "The Poem of Wind and Trees" or "The Song of Wind and Trees"|lead=yes}} is a Japanese [[manga]] series written and illustrated by [[Keiko Takemiya]]. It was serialized in the [[List of manga magazines|manga magazine]] ''[[Shōjo Comic|Shūkan Shōjo Comic]]'' from 1976 to 1980, and in the manga magazine ''[[Petit Flower]]'' from 1981 to 1984. One of the earliest works of [[Yaoi|{{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}}]] (a genre of [[Gay romance|male-male romance]] fiction aimed at a female audience), {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} follows the tragic romance between Gilbert Cocteau and Serge Battour, two students at an all-boys boarding school in late 19th-century France.

The series was developed and published amid a significant transitional period for [[Shōjo manga|{{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} manga]] (manga for girls), as the medium shifted from an audience composed primarily of children to an audience of adolescents and young adults. This shift was characterized by the emergence of narratively more complex stories focused on politics, psychology, and sexuality, and came to be embodied by a new generation of {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} manga artists collectively referred to as the [[Year 24 Group]], of which Takemiya was a member. The mature subject material of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} and its focus on themes of sadomasochism, incest, and rape were controversial for {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} manga of the 1970s; it took nearly seven years from Takemiya's initial conceptualization of the story for her editors at the publishing company [[Shogakukan]] to agree to publish it.

Upon its eventual release, {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} achieved significant critical and commercial success, with Takemiya winning the 1979 [[Shogakukan Manga Award]] in both the {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} and [[Shōnen manga|{{transliteration|ja|shōnen}}]] (manga for boys) categories for {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} and ''[[Toward the Terra]]'', respectively. It is regarded as a pioneering work of {{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}}, and is credited by critics with widely popularizing the genre. An [[anime]] film adaptation of the series, {{nihongo3|{{lit}} "The Poem of Wind and Trees Sanctus: Is It Holy?"|風と木の詩 SANCTUS－聖なるかな－|Kaze to Ki no Uta Sanctus: Sei Naru Kana}}, was released as an [[original video animation]] ([[home video]]) in 1987.

==Synopsis==
[[File:1 arles france 2016.jpg|thumb|left|The city of [[Arles]] in France, where the series is set|alt=2016 photo of Arles]]
The series is set in late 19th-century France, primarily at the fictional Lacombrade Academy, an all-boys boarding school located on the outskirts of the city of [[Arles]] in [[Provence]].

Serge Battour, the teenaged son of a French [[viscount]] and a [[Romani people|Roma]] woman, is sent to Lacombrade at the request of his late father. He is roomed with Gilbert Cocteau, a misanthropic student who is ostracized by the school's pupils and professors for his [[truancy]] and sexual relations with older male students. Serge's efforts to befriend his roommate and Gilbert's simultaneous efforts both to drive away and to seduce Serge form a complicated and disruptive relationship between the pair.

Gilbert's apparent cruelty and promiscuity are the result of a lifetime of neglect and abuse, as perpetrated chiefly by his ostensible uncle Auguste Beau. Auguste is a respected figure in French high society who has physically, emotionally, and sexually abused Gilbert since he was a child. His manipulation of Gilbert is so significant that Gilbert believes that the two are in love, and he remains beguiled by Auguste even after he later learns that he is not his uncle, but his biological father.

Despite threats of ostracism and violence, Serge perseveres in his attempts to bond with Gilbert, and the two eventually become friends and lovers. Faced with rejection by the faculty and students of Lacombrade, Gilbert and Serge flee to [[Paris]] and live for a short while as [[Pauperism|paupers]]. Gilbert is unable to escape the trauma of his past, and descends into a life of drug use and prostitution. While hallucinating under the influence of [[opium]], he runs in front of a moving carriage and dies under its wheels, convinced that he has seen Auguste. Some of the pair's friends, who have recently rediscovered the couple, find and console the traumatized Serge.

==Characters==
The transliteration of the characters' names is sourced from the Italian edition of the manga, which the author approved.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Takemiya |first1=Keiko |author1-link=Keiko Takemiya |translator-last1=Franca |translator-first1=Marco |title=Il Poema del Vento e degli Alberi |trans-title=The Poem of Wind and Trees |date=2019 |publisher=Edizioni BD |isbn=978-88-3275-519-0 |volume=10 |language=it |quote=La traslitterazione dei nomi dei personaggi è stata concordata con l'autrice, cosi come la sua scelta di mantenere alcuni 'messaggi segreti' nascosti tra le tavole, di cui è concesso solo ai diretti interessati conoscerne il significato. |trans-quote=The transliteration of the names of the characters was agreed upon with the author, as well as her choice to keep some "secret messages" hidden among the plates, of which only those directly involved are allowed to know the meaning.}}</ref> [[Voice acting in Japan|Voice actors]] in {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta Sanctus: Sei Naru Kana}} are noted where applicable.<ref name="OVACredits">{{cite AV media |people=Yasuhiko, Yoshikazu (director) |date=November 6, 1987 |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 SANCTUS－聖なるかな－ |trans-title=The Poem of Wind and Trees Sanctus: Is It Holy? |type=Motion picture |language=ja |publisher=[[Pony Canyon]]}}</ref>

===Primary characters===
; {{Nihongo|Gilbert Cocteau|ジルベール・コクトー|Jirubēru Kokutō}}
: {{Voiced by|{{ill|Yūko Sasaki (voice actor)|lt=Yūko Sasaki|ja|佐々木優子}}|}}
: A fourteen-year-old student at Lacombrade from an aristocratic family in [[Marseille]]. He is the illegitimate child of his mother Anne Marie and her brother-in-law Auguste Beau, the latter of whom has abused Gilbert physically, emotionally, and sexually since he was a child. This abuse has left Gilbert as an antisocial cynic, unable to express love or affection except through sex. Gilbert is initially antagonistic and violent towards his new roommate Serge, and rejects his early attempts to befriend him. Serge's persistent altruism slowly wins Gilbert over, and the two flee to Paris as lovers. Gilbert has difficulty adjusting to their new lives of genteel poverty and begins using drugs and engaging in prostitution, and dies after being struck by a carriage while under the influence of opium.
; {{Nihongo|Serge Battour|セルジュ・バトゥール|Seruju Batūru}}
: {{Voiced by|[[Noriko Ohara]]}}
: A fourteen-year-old student at Lacombrade, and heir to an aristocratic house. The orphaned son of a French viscount and a Roma woman who faces discrimination for his mixed ethnicity, Serge is a musical prodigy with a noble and humanistic sense of morality. Despite Gilbert's initial ill treatment of him, he remains devoted in his attempts to help and understand him. His attraction to Gilbert causes him confusion and distress, particularly when he finds that he can depend on neither the church nor his friends for guidance and support. He gradually grows closer to Gilbert as they become friends and later lovers, and the two flee Lacombrade together.

===Secondary characters===
; {{Nihongo|Auguste Beau|オーギュスト・ボウ|Ōgyusuto Bō}}
: {{Voiced by|[[Kaneto Shiozawa]]}}
: Gilbert's legal uncle, later revealed to be his biological father. Adopted into the house of Cocteau as a child, Auguste was raped by his elder step-brother in his own youth and has abused Gilbert from a young age. At first attempting to raise Gilbert to be an "obedient pet", he later works to transform him into a "pure" and "artistic" individual through neglect and manipulation of Gilbert's obsessive love for him. Upon learning of Serge's relationship with Gilbert, he works to separate the pair.
; {{Nihongo|Pascal Biquet|パスカル・ビケ|Pasukaru Bike}}
: {{Voiced by|[[Hiroshi Takemura]]}}
: An eccentric, iconoclastic classmate of Serge and Gilbert and a close friend of the former. A [[super senior]] who is dismissive of religion and [[Classical education movement|classical education]], he insists upon the importance of science and takes it upon himself to teach Serge about sexuality. Though mildly attracted to Gilbert, he is the most frankly heterosexual of Serge's confidants, and helps to introduce Serge to women.
; {{Nihongo|Carl Maïsser|カール・マイセ|Kāru Maise}}
: {{Voiced by|[[Tsutomu Kashiwakura]]}}
: Serge's first friend at Lacombrade. A gentle, pious boy who struggles with his attraction to Gilbert.
; {{Nihongo|Aryon Rosemarine|アリオーナ・ロスマリネ|Ariōna Rosumarine}}
: {{Voiced by|[[Yoshiko Sakakibara]]}}
: The sadistic student [[superintendent (education)|superintendent]] at Lacombrade, nicknamed the "White Prince". A distant relative of the Cocteau family, he was raped by Auguste at the age of 15. Rosemarine cooperates with Auguste's manipulation of Gilbert, but forms a friendship with Serge and ultimately aids Gilbert and Serge in their escape to Paris.
; {{Nihongo|Jules de Ferrier|ジュール・ド・フェリィ|Jūru do Feryi}}
: A student supervisor at Lacombrade, and Rosemarine's childhood friend. His aristocratic family's fortune was lost with the death of his father, and he is only able to attend Lacombrade through his intelligence and friendship with Rosemarine. He provides comfort and guidance to Gilbert and Rosemarine through their troubles.

==Development==
===Context===
[[File:Björn Andrésen dans Mort à Venise.jpg|thumb|right|alt=1970 photo of Björn Andrésen, a young man with long blond hair|The 1971 film ''[[Death in Venice (film)|Death in Venice]]'' (actor [[Björn Andrésen]] pictured) was an influence on {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}.{{sfn|Azusa|2021|p=80}}]]
{{Main|Year 24 Group}}

[[Keiko Takemiya]] made her debut as a [[manga artist]] in 1967, and though her early works attracted the attention of manga magazine editors, none achieved any particular critical or commercial success.{{sfn|Welker|2015|p=47}} Her debut occurred in the context of a restrictive [[Shōjo manga|{{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} manga]] (girls' manga) publishing culture: stories were marketed to an audience of children, were focused on uncomplicated subject material such as familial drama or [[romantic comedy]],{{sfn|Thorn|2010|p=V}} and favored [[Cinderella]]-like female protagonists defined by their passivity.{{sfn|Matsui|1993|p=178}}{{sfn|Suzuki|1998|p=246}} Beginning in the 1970s, a new generation of {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} artists emerged who created manga stories that were more psychologically complex, dealt directly with topics of politics and sexuality, and were aimed at an audience of teenage readers.{{sfn|Shamoon|2012|p=102}} This grouping of artists, of which Takemiya was a member, came to be collectively referred to as the [[Year 24 Group]].{{efn|The group was so named because its members were born in or around year 24 of the [[Shōwa (1926–1989)|Shōwa era]] (or 1949 in the [[Gregorian calendar]]).{{sfn|Hemmann|2020|p=10}}}} The group contributed significantly to the development of {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} manga by expanding the genre to incorporate elements of [[science fiction]], [[historical fiction]], [[adventure fiction]], and same-sex romance: both male–male ({{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}} and {{transliteration|ja|[[yaoi]]}}) and female–female ([[Yuri (genre)|{{transliteration|ja|yuri}}]]).{{sfn|Toku|2004}}

Takemiya was a close friend to fellow Year 24 Group member [[Moto Hagio]], with whom she shared a rented house in [[Ōizumigakuenchō]], [[Nerima]], Tokyo, from 1971 to 1973. The house was nicknamed the "Ōizumi [[Salon (gathering)|Salon]]", and came to be an important gathering point for Year 24 Group members and their affiliates.{{sfn|Azusa|2021|p=80}} Their friend and next-door neighbor {{ill|Norie Masuyama|ja|増山法恵}} was a significant influence on both artists: though Masuyama was not a manga artist, she was a {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} manga enthusiast motivated by a desire to elevate the genre from its status as a frivolous distraction for children to a serious literary art form, and introduced Takemiya and Hagio to literature, magazines, and films that came to inspire their works.{{sfn|Azusa|2021|p=80}}{{sfn|Welker|2015|p=48}}

Of the works Masuyama introduced to Takemiya, novels by writer [[Herman Hesse]] in the ''[[Bildungsroman]]'' genre were particularly relevant to the development of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}.{{sfn|Shamoon|2012|p=105}} Masuyama introduced Takemiya and Hagio to ''[[Beneath the Wheel]]'' (1906), ''[[Demian]]'' (1919), and ''[[Narcissus and Goldmund]]'' (1932);{{sfn|Welker|2015|p=48}} ''Demian'' was especially impactful on both artists, directly influencing the plot and setting of both Takemiya's {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} and Hagio's own major contribution to the {{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}} genre, ''[[The Heart of Thomas]]'' (1974).{{sfn|Shamoon|2012|p=105}} Though none of Hesse's stories are explicitly homoerotic, they inspired the artists through their depictions of strong bonds between male characters, their boarding school settings, and their focus on the internal psychology of their male protagonists.{{sfn|Welker|2015|p=49}} Other works that informed the development of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} were the European drama films ''[[if....]]'' (1968), ''[[Fellini Satyricon]]'' (1969), and ''[[Death in Venice (film)|Death in Venice]]'' (1971), which screened in Japan in the 1970s and influenced both Takemiya and Hagio in their depiction of "preternaturally beautiful" male characters;{{sfn|Azusa|2021|p=80}} [[Taruho Inagaki]]'s essay {{nihongo||少年愛の美学|Shōnen-ai no Bigaku|"The Aesthetics of Boy Love", 1968}}, which influenced Takemiya to select a school as the setting for her series;{{sfn|Welker|2015|p=50}} and issues of {{transliteration|ja|[[Barazoku]]}}, the first commercially circulated Japanese gay men's magazine.{{sfn|Welker|2015|p=52}}{{efn|Hagio has reported that she was uninterested in the sexually explicit {{transliteration|ja|Barazoku}}, but that the magazine especially affected Takemiya and Masuyama.{{sfn|Welker|2015|p=52}}}}

===Production===
{{multiple image
 | align = left
 | direction = vertical
 | width = 220
 | image1 = Aubrey Beardsley - Pierrot 4.jpg
 | alt1 = Black ink drawing of two figures in a forest by Aubrey Beardsley, 1896
 | image2 = Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot - Forest of Fontainebleau - Google Art Project.jpg
 | alt2 = "Forest of Fontainebleau" by Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, depicting a meadow landscape
 | caption2 = Takemiya cited the black ink drawings of [[Aubrey Beardsley]] (top) and the landscapes of the [[Barbizon school]] (bottom) as influences on the artwork of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}.{{sfn|Takemiya|Harada|Ishida|Terayama|2016|p=49}}
}}
Takemiya initially conceived of the story of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} in 1970, following which she stayed up through the night with Masuyama discussing the series over the telephone.{{sfn|Takemiya|Harada|Ishida|Terayama|2016|p=160}} She wrote a detailed outline of the plot in December of that year, and drew the first 50 pages of the manga in a sketchbook in January 1971.{{sfn|Takemiya|Harada|Ishida|Terayama|2016|p=12}} Takemiya showed the sketchbook draft to multiple editors, but none were interested in publishing the series, citing its controversial subject material. Several editors advised her to move the opening scene of the series, which depicts Gilbert in bed with an older male student, to later in the story; she refused, stating, "I want to put the page that best reflects the story at the beginning."<ref name="President"/>

At the time, manga censorship codes specifically forbade depictions of male–female sex, but ostensibly permitted depictions of male–male sex.{{sfn|Orbaugh|2003|p=114}}{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=160}} Takemiya's decision to focus on male over female protagonists – still a relatively new practice in {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} manga at the time – was born from her desire to write a sexually explicit story that she believed would appeal to female readers.{{sfn|Shamoon|2012|p=111}} Per Takemiya, "if there is a sex scene between a boy and a girl, [readers] don't like it because it seems too real. It leads to topics like getting pregnant or getting married, and that's too real. But if it's two boys, they can avoid that and concentrate on the love aspect."{{sfn|Shamoon|2012|p=111}} In developing the main characters of the series, Takemiya considered that Gilbert's complex background necessitated the creation of an equally compelling background for Serge, prompting her to place focus on Serge's deceased parents. She drew inspiration for Serge's mixed ethnic background from {{lang|fr|[[La Dame aux Camélias]]}} (1852), saying "if you had to tell a story about a child of a viscount, I thought, you had no other choice but {{lang|fr|La Dame aux Camélias}}.{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=154}}

In the December 1970 issue of ''[[Bessatsu Shōjo Comic]]'', Takemiya published a [[One-shot (comics)|one-shot]] (standalone single chapter) manga titled {{transliteration|ja|[[Sunroom Nite|Yuki to Hoshi to Tenshi to...]]}} ("Snow and Stars and Angels and..."),{{sfn|Welker|2015|p=47}}{{sfn|Suter|2013|p=548}} which was later re-published under the title {{transliteration|ja|Sunroom Nite}} ("In the Sunroom").{{sfn|Shamoon|2012|p=104}} Takemiya describes the one-shot as a "compact" version of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}: both stories focus on a Roma teenager named Serge Battour, who enters a relationship with a blond boy who dies at the conclusion of the story.{{sfn|Takemiya|Harada|Ishida|Terayama|2016|p=70}}<ref name="Sankei"/> Aware that a male–male romance story was likely to be heavily revised or rejected by her editor, Takemiya intentionally submitted {{transliteration|ja|Yuki to Hoshi to Tenshi to...}} immediately before the magazine's publication deadline.<ref name="Nakagawa1"/> Her gambit was successful, and the one-shot was published without edits; {{transliteration|ja|Yuki to Hoshi to Tenshi to...}} became the first work in the genre that would become known as {{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}}{{sfn|Shamoon|2012|p=104}} and granted Takemiya greater critical recognition.{{sfn|Orbaugh|2003|p=114}}

Takemiya contributed a "one-page theater" (a page in which an author discusses miscellaneous thoughts and impressions with essay-like illustrations) to ''Shūkan Shōjo Comic'' in September 1973, in which she described her desire to write {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}. She noted that it had been three years since she conceived of the story and characters, and that she still wished to see it published. She told readers, "Please remember the name 'Gilbert'. I'm sure I will draw it!"<ref name="Tra-Pro"/> Along with the editorial barriers she faced, Takemiya found it difficult to develop the story as she felt she lacked sufficient knowledge of its European setting.{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=152}} In 1973, Takemiya traveled to Europe with Hagio, Masuyama, and Year 24 Group member [[Ryoko Yamagishi]].{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=153}}{{efn|None could speak French, so the group communicated with locals using drawings; Takemiya reports that "at an information desk of a hotel, I explained that we needed a room with a bathtub and shower, drawing illustrations".{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=153}}}} She stated that the trip made her "more concerned with details. After I knew how to make a stone-paved street, I also watched repairs on it and stared at the blocks which were used."{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=153}} European art of the 19th century became a major influence on the art style of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}; Takemiya has specifically cited the black ink drawings of [[Aubrey Beardsley]] and the landscapes of the [[Barbizon school]] as influences.{{sfn|Takemiya|Harada|Ishida|Terayama|2016|p=49}} Takemiya continued to visit Europe annually, staying in different countries for a month each time.{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=154}}{{sfn|Choi|2015}}

In an effort to overcome the low level of editorial freedom and autonomy that was preventing her from publishing {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}, Takemiya sought to build her profile as an artist by creating a manga series that would have mass appeal.{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=157}} That series, {{ill|Pharaoh no Haka|ja|ファラオの墓|lt={{transliteration|ja|Pharaoh no Haka}}}} ({{lang|ja|ファラオの墓}}, "The Pharaoh's Tomb", 1974–1976), follows the {{transliteration|ja|[[kishu ryūritan]]}} ("noble wandering narrative") story formula of an exiled king who returns to lead his kingdom to greatness, which Takemiya chose specifically because it was popular in manga at the time.{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=157}} Shortly after {{transliteration|ja|Pharaoh no Haka}} began serialization, Takemiya published a 16-page preview of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} in the first collected volume of her manga series {{transliteration|ja|[[Sora ga Suki!]]}} ({{lang|ja|空がすき!}}, "I Love the Sky!", 1971–1972). The preview, titled {{nihongo||落葉の記|Rakuyō no Ki|"The Chronicle of Fallen Leaves"}}, was included at the end of the volume without notice or explanation. Takemiya said she wanted to "expose" a part of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}, and she was curious to see how readers would react to it.{{sfn|Takemiya|Harada|Ishida|Terayama|2016|pp=232–233}} {{transliteration|ja|Pharaoh no Haka}} was ultimately a commercial success that succeeded at boosting Takemiya's profile as an artist, especially among female readers, and granted her the necessary influence at her publisher [[Shogakukan]] to be able to publish {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}.{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=160}}{{sfn|Choi|2015}} In all, it took nearly seven years for Takemiya to, in her words, "earn the right"<ref name="BBC"/> to publish the series.{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=161}}

===Release===
{{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} began serialization in the February 29, 1976 ({{abbr|No.|number}} 10) issue of ''Shūkan Shōjo Comic''.{{sfn|Ogi|2008|pp=148–149}}<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:少女コミック[SHO-COMI] 1976年 表示号数10 |trans-title=''Shōjo Comic'' (''Sho-Comi'') 1976, issue display No. 10 |url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/M549342 |website=Media Arts Database |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |access-date=March 15, 2022 |language=ja |script-quote=ja:備考：平綴／「風と木の詩」第1回 竹宮恵子 |trans-quote=Notes: Flat binding / ''Kaze to Ki no Uta'', 1st chapter, Keiko Takemiya}}</ref> It attracted controversy for its sexual depictions, particularly its opening male–male sex scene{{sfn|Welker|2015|p=50}} and its depictions of [[sadomasochism]], incest, and rape.{{sfn|Ogi|2008|pp=148–149}}{{sfn|Suzuki|1998|p=251}} Takemiya has stated that she was concerned how [[parent–teacher association]]s would react to the series, as ''Shūkan Shōjo Comic'' publisher Shogakukan was a "stricter" company best known for publishing academic magazines for schoolchildren.{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=161}} Reader letters in ''Shūkan Shōjo Comic'' were divided between those who were offended by the subject material of the series, and those who praised its narrative complexity and explicit representations of sex.{{sfn|Suter|2013|p=548}}{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=162}} Gilbert was initially unpopular with readers, though as the series progressed to depict his backstory and early childhood, he subsequently became more popular than Serge.<ref name="Tra-Pro"/>

In 1980, ''Shūkan Shōjo Comic'' editor {{ill|Junya Yamamoto|ja|山本順也}} became the founding editor of ''[[Petit Flower]]'', a new manga magazine aimed at an audience of adult women that published titles with mature subject material.{{sfn|Brient|2013}} {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} moved to the new magazine, and the last chapter of the series published in ''Shūkan Shōjo Comic'' was released in the November 5, 1980 (No. 21) issue. Serialization continued in ''Petit Flower'' beginning in the Winter 1981 issue ([[cover date]]d as February 1981), where it continued until the conclusion of the series in the June 1984 issue.{{sfn|Ogi|2008|pp=148–149}}<ref name="Mangapedia"/>

The series, which was significantly longer than Takemiya's previous works,{{sfn|Suter|2013|p=548}} was collected as seventeen {{transliteration|ja|[[tankōbon]]}} volumes published under Shogakukan's Flower Comics imprint from May 1977 to August 1984.{{sfn|Choi|2015}}<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 (フラワーコミックス) |trans-title=''Kaze to Ki no Uta'' (Flower Comics) |url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C276773 |website=Media Arts Database |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> It was re-released as nine [[hardcover]] volumes published under Shogakukan's Sōsho imprint from July 1988 to March 1989.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 (小学館叢書) |trans-title=''Kaze to Ki no Uta'' (Shogakukan Sōsho) |url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C276775 |website=Media Arts Database |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> Since then, {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} has been reprinted several times by different Japanese publishers, including a nine-volume edition published as part of "The Complete Keiko Takemiya" collection under [[Kadokawa Shoten]]'s Asuka Comics DX imprint from August 1990 to March 1991;<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 (あすかコミックスDX) |trans-title=''Kaze to Ki no Uta'' (Asuka Comics DX) |url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C276854 |website=Media Arts Database |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> a four-volume {{transliteration|ja|[[aizōban]]}} edition published under [[Chuokoron-Shinsha]]'s Chuko Aizōban imprint from August to November 1993;<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 (中公愛蔵版) |trans-title=''Kaze to Ki no Uta'' (Chuko Aizōban) |url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C276860 |website=Media Arts Database |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> a ten-volume {{transliteration|ja|[[bunkoban]]}} edition published under [[Hakusensha]]'s Bunko imprint from March to September 1995;<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 (白泉社文庫) |trans-title=''Kaze to Ki no Uta'' (Hakusensha Bunko) |url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C276809 |website=Media Arts Database |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> and an eight-volume {{transliteration|ja|bunkoban}} edition published under Chuokoron-Shinsha's Chuko Bunko Comic-ban imprint from July 2002 to January 2003.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 (中公文庫コミック版) |trans-title=''Kaze to Ki no Uta'' (Chuko Bunko Comic-ban) |url=https://mediaarts-db.bunka.go.jp/id/C276882 |website=Media Arts Database |publisher=[[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> The series was also released as sixteen [[e-book]] volumes by {{ill|eBook Initiative Japan|ja|イーブックイニシアティブジャパン}} in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:竹宮惠子作品を電子書籍でリリース |trans-title=Keiko Takemiya's works released as e-books |url=https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000042.000001485.html |website=PR Times |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=ja |format=Press release |date=May 21, 2010}}</ref>

{{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} was translated and published outside of Japan for the first time in 2018, by Spanish-language publisher Milky Way Ediciones. It was released in ten [[Omnibus edition|omnibus]] volumes based on the 1995 Japanese {{transliteration|ja|bunkoban}} edition, featuring color pages and new cover art chosen by Takemiya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Izquierdo |first1=Raúl |title=La intensa balada de Serge y Gilbert |trans-title=The intense ballad of Serge and Gilbert |url=https://www.milkywayediciones.com/blogs/news/la-intensa-balada-de-serge-y-gilbert?_pos=11&_sid=aa56b1ef6&_ss=r |website=Milky Way Ediciones |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=es |date=June 12, 2020}}</ref> The series was also published by Italian-language publisher {{ill|Edizioni BD|it}} in late 2018, under their J-Pop Manga imprint. It was initially released in a ten-volume [[box set]], the individual volumes later being released once a month.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Urso |first1=Alex |title=Fantagraphic. Le prime pagine de 'Il Poema del Vento e degli Alberi' |trans-title=Fantagraphic: The first pages of "The Poem of Wind and Trees" |url=https://www.artribune.com/editoria/fumetti/2018/11/il-poema-del-vento-e-degli-alberi-keiko-takemiya/ |website=Artribune |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=it |date=November 22, 2018}}</ref>

==Themes and analysis==
===Gender===
The primary characters of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} are {{transliteration|ja|[[bishōnen]]}} ({{lit}} "beautiful boys"), a term for [[androgynous]] male characters that sociologist [[Chizuko Ueno]] describes as representing "the idealized self-image of girls".{{sfn|Mizoguchi|2003|p=53}} Takemiya has stated that her use of protagonists that blur gender distinctions was done intentionally, "to mentally liberate girls from the sexual restrictions imposed on us [as women]".{{sfn|Welker|2006|p=855}} By portraying male characters with physical traits [[Manga iconography#Facial features|'typical' of female characters in manga]] – such as slender bodies, long hair, and large eyes – the presumed female reader is invited to self-identify with the male protagonist.{{sfn|Mizoguchi|2003|p=53}} This device led psychologist [[Hayao Kawai]] to remark in his analysis of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} that "perhaps no other work has expressed the inner world of the adolescent girl to such an extent".<ref name="President"/>

This self-identification among girls and women assumes many forms; art critic Midori Matsui considers how this representation appeals to adolescent female readers by harking back to a sexually undifferentiated state of childhood, while also allowing them to vicariously contemplate the sexual attractiveness of boys.{{sfn|Matsui|1993|p=178}} James Welker notes in his field work that members of Japan's lesbian community reported being influenced by manga featuring characters who blur gender distinctions, specifically citing {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} and ''[[The Rose of Versailles]]'' by Year 24 Group member [[Riyoko Ikeda]].{{sfn|Welker|2006|p=843}} This self-identification is expressed in negative terms by psychologist {{ill|Watanabe Tsueno (psychologist){{!}}Watanabe Tsueno|ja|渡辺恒夫_(心理学者)}} who sees {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} manga as a "narcissistic space" in which {{transliteration|ja|bishōnen}} operate simultaneously as "the perfect object of [the readers'] desire to love and their desire for identification", seeing {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} as the "apex" of this tendency.{{sfn|Welker|2006|p=856}}

Manga scholar [[Yukari Fujimoto]] argues that female interest in {{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}} is "rooted in [[Internalized sexism|hatred of women]]", which she argues recurs throughout the genre in the form of [[misogynistic]] thoughts and statements expressed by male characters.{{sfn|Fujimoto|2004|p=83}} She cites as evidence Gilbert's overt disgust towards women, arguing that his misogynistic statements serve to draw the reader's attention to the subordinate position women occupy in society; as the female reader is ostensibly meant to self-identify with Gilbert, these statements expose "the mechanisms by which women cannot help falling into a state of self-hatred".{{sfn|Fujimoto|2004|p=84}} To Fujimoto, this willingness to "[turn] around" these misogynistic statements against the reader, thus forcing them to examine their own internalized sexism, represents "one of the keys" to understanding the influence and legacy of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} and works like it.{{sfn|Fujimoto|2004|pp=84–85}}

===Sex and sexual violence===
{{rquote |1=right |2="I wanted to tell women what sex was without veiling it, including bad things as well as good things. Drawing sex as an important theme in relation to propriety seems naturally acceptable. But sex involves an issue of power. From the old days, during war, men used to rape women of an enemy country. In order to understand such circumstances surrounding women, in these peaceful days, women should think directly about sex without fear, not just about sex with fear. I thought that the most important issue for women was sex. So, I tried to imagine how I could convey the message directly to women." |3=Keiko Takemiya{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=161}}}}

{{transliteration|ja|Shōnen-ai}} allowed {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} manga artists to depict sex, which had long been considered taboo in the medium.{{sfn|Fujimoto|2004|p=85}} There has been significant academic focus on the motivations of Japanese women who read and created {{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}} in the 1970s,{{sfn|Nagaike|Aoyama|2015|p=121}} with manga scholar Deborah Shamoon considering how {{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}} permitted the exploration of sex and eroticism in a way that was "distanced from the girl readers' own bodies", as male–male sex is removed from female concerns of marriage and pregnancy.{{sfn|Shamoon|2012|p=104}} Yukari Fujimoto notes how sex scenes in {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} are rendered with a "boldness" that was unprecedented in {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} manga at the time, depicting "sexual desire as overwhelming power".{{sfn|Fujimoto|2004|p=85}} She examines how the abuse suffered by Gilbert has rendered him as "a creature who cannot exist without sexual love" and who thus suffers "the pain of passivity". By applying passivity, a trait that is stereotypically associated with women, to male characters, she argues that Takemiya is able to depict sexual violence "in a purified form and in a way that protects the reader from its raw pain".{{sfn|Fujimoto|2004|pp=85–86}} These scenes of sexual violence "would be all too realistic if a woman were portrayed as the victim"; by portraying the subject as a man, "women are freed from the position of always being the one 'done to', and are able to take on the viewpoint of the 'doer', and also the viewpoint of the 'looker'."{{sfn|Fujimoto|2004|p=87}}

Midori Matsui similarly argues Gilbert exists as a "pure object of the [[male gaze]]", an "effeminate and beautiful boy whose presence alone provokes the sado-machochistic desire of older males to rape, humiliate, and treat him as a sexual commodity".{{sfn|Matsui|1993|p=185}} She argues that Gilbert represents a parody of the ''[[femme fatale]]'', and at the same time "his sexuality evokes the subversive element of [[abjection]]."{{sfn|Matsui|1993|p=186}} That is to say, Gilbert's backstory as a victim of rape – a status that is often associated with women – allows the female reader to identify with him, and experience an abject and vicarious fear that reflects her own fear of rape.{{sfn|Nagaike|2003|p=86}} Gilbert's contradictory status as both ''femme fatale'' and sexual assault victim therefore contradicts the stereotype of "feminine power of seduction that usurps the rationality of the masculine subject", at the same time reinforcing "conventional metaphors of feminine sexuality as a dark seducer".{{sfn|Matsui|1993|p=186}}

Kazuko Suzuki considers that although society often shuns and looks down upon women who are raped in reality, {{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}} depicts male characters who are raped as still "imbued with innocence" and typically still loved by their rapists after the act.{{sfn|Suzuki|1998|pp=257–258}} She cites {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} as the primary work that gave rise to this trope in {{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}} manga, noting how the narrative suggests that individuals who are "honest to themselves" and love only one other person monogamously are regarded as "innocent". That is, so long as the protagonists of {{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}} "continue to pursue their supreme love within an ideal human relationship, they can forever retain their virginity at the symbolic level, despite having repeated sex in the fictional world".{{sfn|Suzuki|1998|p=258}}

===Occidentalism===
[[File:Demian Erstausgabe.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Cover page of "Demian" by Hermann Hesse|Works by the Year 24 Group often used western literary tropes, especially those associated with the ''[[Bildungsroman]]'' genre, such as [[Herman Hesse]]'s ''[[Demian]]''.{{sfn|Shamoon|2012|p=105}}]]
The French setting of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} is reflective of Takemiya's own interest in European culture,{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=152}} which is in turn reflective of a generalized fascination with Europe in Japanese girls' culture of the 1970s.{{sfn|Suter|2013|p=551}} Takemiya has stated that interest in Europe was a "characteristic of the times", noting that [[Gravure idol|gravure]] fashion magazines for girls such as ''[[An An]]'' and ''[[Non-no]]'' often included European topics in their editorial coverage.{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=155}} She sees the fascination as stemming in part from sensitivities around depicting non-Japanese settings in manga in the aftermath of the [[Second World War]], stating that "you could draw anything about America and Europe, but not so, about 'Asia' as seen in Japan".{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=156}}

Manga scholar Rebecca Suter asserts that the recurrence of Christian themes and imagery throughout the series – crucifixes, Bibles, churches, [[Madonna (art)|Madonna]]s and angels appear both in the diegesis and as symbolic representations in non-narrative artwork – can be seen as a sort of [[Occidentalism]].{{sfn|Suter|2013|p=552}} Per Suter, [[Christianity and homosexuality|Christianity's disapproval of homosexuality]] is represented primarily in {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} as a narrative obstacle to be overcome by Gilbert and Serge as they pursue their relationship, a means to "complicate the plot and prolong the titillation for the reader". She argues that the series' appropriation of western religious symbols and attitudes for creative purposes "parallels and subverts" the [[Orientalism|Orientalist]] tendency to view Asia as more spiritual, "superstitious, and backwards".{{sfn|Suter|2013|p=552}}

Works by the Year 24 Group often used western literary tropes, especially those associated with the ''Bildungsroman'' genre, to stage what Midori Matsui describes as "a psychodrama of the adolescent ego".{{sfn|Matsui|1993|p=178}} Takemiya has expressed ambivalence about that genre label being applied to {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}; when artist [[Shūji Terayama]] described the series as a ''Bildungsroman'', Takemiya responded that she "did not pay attention to such classification" when writing the series, and that when she heard Terayama's comments she "wondered what ''Bildungsroman'' was" as she "did not know literary categories".{{sfn|Ogi|2008|p=152}} In this regard, several commentators have contrasted {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} to Moto Hagio's ''The Heart of Thomas'' through their shared inspirations from the ''Bildungsroman'' novels of Herman Hesse. Both {{transliteration|ja|Kaze}} and ''Thomas'' follow similar narrative trajectories, focusing on a tragic romance between boys in a European setting, and where the death of one boy figures heavily into the plot.{{sfn|Suter|2013|p=548}} {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} is significantly more sexually explicit than both ''The Heart of Thomas'' and Hesse's novels,{{sfn|Welker|2015|p=50}} with anime and manga scholar Minori Ishida noting that "Takemiya in particular draws on latent romance and eroticism between some male characters in Hesse's writing".{{sfn|Welker|2015|pp=49–50}} Midori Matsui considers {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} as "ostensibly a ''Bildungsroman''" that is "surreptitious pornography for girls" through its depiction of male characters who openly express and act upon their sexual desires, contrasting the largely non-sexual ''Heart of Thomas''.{{sfn|Matsui|1993|p=185}}

==Related media==
===Adaptations===
[[File:Yasuhiko Yoshikazu "The World of Gundam" at Opening Ceremony of the 28th Tokyo International Film Festival (22442053681) (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Yoshikazu Yasuhiko]], director of the anime film adaptation of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}|alt=2015 photograph of Yoshikazu Yasuhiko]]
An [[anime]] film adaptation, {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta Sanctus: Sei Naru Kana}}, was released by [[Pony Canyon]] as an [[original video animation]] (OVA) on November 6, 1987.<ref name="Mangapedia"/> The sixty-minute film was produced by Shogakukan, Herald Enterprise, and [[Konami]]<ref name="JuneAd">{{cite magazine |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 オリジナルアニメーションビデオ読者特別通信販売 |trans-title=''Kaze to Ki no Uta'': Original animation video mail-order special for readers |magazine=[[June (magazine)|June]] |date=November 1987 |number=37 |page=90 |publisher=San Shuppan |language=ja |id=05193-11 |script-quote=ja:原作・監修：竹宮惠子／監督・コンテ・演出：安彦良和／カラー作品 約60分 ステレオHiFi VHS･ベータ／(各)予価11,800円 (送料共)／製作：ヘラルド･エンタープライズ㈱, 小学館／アニメーション制作：コナミ工業株映像部 |trans-quote=Original story author and supervisor: Keiko Takemiya / Director, storyboard artist, and episode director: Yoshikazu Yasuhiko / Color film, approximately 60 minutes, HiFi Stereo VHS and Betamax / Estimated price: 11,800 yen each (including shipping) / Production: Herald Enterprise Co., Ltd. and Shogakukan / Animation production: Konami Kōgyō Co., Ltd. Imaging Department}}</ref> and directed by [[Yoshikazu Yasuhiko]], with [[Sachiko Kamimura]] as animation director.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:特集 安彦良和インタビュ |trans-title=Interview with Yoshikazu Yasuhiko |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/pp/venuswars/page/2 |website=[[Comic Natalie]] |access-date=February 16, 2022 |language=Japanese |date=June 28, 2019 |archive-date=February 7, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207145715/https://natalie.mu/comic/pp/venuswars/page/2 |url-status=live}}</ref> Animation for the film was done in cooperation between Tranquilizer Product Company, Kugatsusha, [[Triangle Staff]], and Tokyo Media Connections.<ref name="OVACredits"/>{{efn|Group Donguri, [[Doga Kobo]], Studio AP, AC Pro, Wizard, Studio Max, Studio Wombat, Studio Musashi, Animaruya, and Warp are further credited for [[Inbetweening|in-between animation]].<ref name="OVACredits"/> ''[[The Anime Encyclopedia]]'' states that the OVA was produced by "[[Gallop (studio)|Studio Gallop]], [[Konami|Konami Kogyo]], [and] Herald",<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clements |first1=Jonathan |last2=McCarthy |first2=Helen |author1-link=Jonathan Clements |author2-link=Helen McCarthy |title=The Anime Encyclopedia |title-link=The Anime Encyclopedia |date=2006 |publisher=[[Stone Bridge Press]] |isbn=978-1-933330-10-5 |page=573}}</ref> but Studio Gallop does not appear in the end credits of the film, and their website does not list the film.<ref name="OVACredits"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Gallop Work History, 1986–1990 |url=https://www.anime-gallop.co.jp/works-1.htm |website=[[Gallop (studio)|Gallop]] |access-date=April 9, 2022 |language=Japanese}}</ref> A 1987 advertisement in ''June'' credits Konami for {{nihongo|"animation production/work"|アニメーション制作|animēshon seisaku}}.<ref name="JuneAd"/>}} The film's soundtrack, which features classical compositions by [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]] and [[Frédéric Chopin|Chopin]] and original compositions by {{ill|Nobuyuki Nakamura|ja|中村暢之}}, was also released by Pony Canyon in 1987.<ref name="Mangapedia"/><ref>{{cite AV media notes |title=Original Animation "Le Poème du Vent et des Arbres" Sanctus Original Sound Track |date=1987 |at=Back cover |type=CD |publisher=[[Pony Canyon]] |id=D32R-0056}}</ref> ''Sanctus'' adapts the introductory chapters of the manga, bookended by scenes of a now-adult Serge re-visiting Lacombrade; multiple sequels were planned, but were never produced.<ref>{{cite magazine |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 座談会 |trans-title=''Kaze to Ki no Uta'': Roundtable discussion |magazine=[[June (magazine)|June]] |date=September 1987 |number=36 |page=42 |publisher=San Shuppan |language=ja |id=05193-9 |script-quote=ja:『風と木の詩』がついにアニメビデオとして登場します。ジルベールとセルジュを中心に、導入部分の学園での出来事を60分にまとめたもの。 |trans-quote=''Kaze to Ki no Uta'' will finally appear as an anime video. It is a 60-minute summary of what happened at the academy in the introductory part, centered on Gilbert and Serge.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Editoriale: Anime del mese |trans-title=Editorial: Anime of the month |url=http://www.yamatovideo.com/focuson_int.asp?idEntita=531 |website=Yamato Video |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=it |quote=Certo è complicato condensare in sessanta minuti l'opera immaginata dalla Takemiya (e infatti a questo video non faranno seguito i preventivati altri episodi) ... |trans-quote=Of course, it is difficult to condense the work imagined by Takemiya into sixty minutes (and in fact this video would not be followed by the planned other episodes) ...}}</ref> Internationally, ''Sanctus'' was licensed by Italian distributor Yamato Video in 2006, which released the film as a DVD containing both the original Japanese audio and an Italian [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dub]] starring Marisa Della Pasqua as the voice of young Serge and Paola Della Pasqua as the voice of Gilbert.<ref name="Yamato Video">{{cite web |title=Video: ''Il Poema del Vento e degli Alberi'' |trans-title=Video: ''The Poem of Wind and Trees'' |url=http://www.yamatovideo.com/catalogo_int.asp?idVolume=2823 |website=Yamato Video |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |date=2006 |title=Il Poema del Vento e degli Alberi |trans-title=The Poem of Wind and Trees |type=DVD |language=it |publisher=Yamato Video |id={{EAN|8016573011963}}}}</ref>

A [[radio drama]] adapting the first volume of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} aired on [[TBS Radio]], with [[Mann Izawa]] as scriptwriter and [[Hiromi Go]] as the voice of Gilbert.<ref name="Mangapedia"/> The series has also been adapted for the stage several times: by the theater company April House in May 1979, with {{ill|Efu Wakagi|ja|わかぎゑふ}} as Gilbert and Shu Nakagawa as Serge;<ref name="Mangapedia"/> and in the early 1980s by an all-female troupe modeled on the [[Takarazuka Revue]].{{sfn|Welker|2006|p=849}}

===Tie-ins===
Two {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} [[Image song|image albums]] have been released by [[Nippon Columbia]]: the self-titled {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}, composed by [[Seiji Yokoyama]], in 1980;<ref name="Mangapedia"/><ref>{{cite AV media notes |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 |trans-title=Kaze to Ki no Uta |date=1980 |at=Back cover |type=LP |publisher=[[Nippon Columbia]] |id=CQ-7047 }}</ref> and {{nihongo3|"Gilbert's Requiem"|風と木の詩 ジルベールのレクイエム|Kaze to Ki no Uta: Gilbert no Requiem}}, composed by {{ill|Osamu Shōji|ja|東海林修}}, in 1984.<ref name="Mangapedia"/><ref>{{cite AV media notes |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 ジルベールのレクイエム |trans-title=Kaze to Ki no Uta: Gilbert no Requiem |date=1984 |at=Front cover |type=LP |publisher=[[Nippon Columbia]] |id=CX-7167}}</ref> {{nihongo||風と木の詩 シンセサイザー・ファンタジー|Kaze to Ki no Uta: Shinsesaizā Fantajī|extra="Synthesizer Fantasy"}}, a [[remix album]] of ''Gilbert no Requiem'', was released in 1985.<ref>{{cite AV media notes |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 シンセサイザー・ファンタジ |trans-title=Kaze to Ki no Uta: Synthesizer Fantasy |date=1985 |at=Front cover |type=LP |publisher=[[Nippon Columbia]] |id=CX-7507}}</ref>

In 1985, Shogakukan published {{lang|fr|Le Poème du Vent et des Arbres}}, an [[artist's book]] featuring original illustrations by Takemiya of characters from {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}. {{ill|Fukkan.com|ja|復刊ドットコム}} reprinted the book in 2018, with eight new illustrations and new scans of the original artwork produced by Genga' (Dash), an art preservation project Takemiya developed at [[Kyoto Seika University]].<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:竹宮惠子「風と木の詩」イラスト集の新装版、8点の作品を加えた計63点収録 |trans-title=New edition of Keiko Takemiya's ''Kaze to Ki no Uta'' illustration collection, with 8 additional works for a total of 63 |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/288704 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]] |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=ja |date=June 27, 2018}}</ref> In 2016, [[Takarajimasha]] published {{nihongo||少年の詩|Shōnen no Uta|"The Poem of the Boy", alternatively titled {{lang|fr|Le Poème du Garçon}}}}, a [[limited edition]] artist's book containing thirty-two {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} illustrations chosen by Takemiya and new illustrations originally drawn by Takemiya for her solo art exhibitions.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:妖艶なるジルベールの美麗原画を独り占めに――『「風と木の詩」厳選複製原画集 少年の詩』予約受付開始！【番外編】 |trans-title=Keep the beautiful original drawings of the bewitching Gilbert all to yourself – ''{{'}}Kaze to Ki no Uta' Gensen Fukusei Genga-shū: Shōnen no Uta'' is available for pre-order now! (Extra-edition) |url=https://konomanga.jp/special/79792-2 |website=Kono Manga ga Sugoi! Web |publisher=[[Takarajimasha]] |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=ja |date=October 10, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Yamawaki |first1=Mao |script-title=ja:【インタビュー】 『風と木の詩』原画集発売記念イベントレポート！ 竹宮惠子がジルベールを語る!! |trans-title=(Interview) ''Kaze to Ki no Uta'' original illustration collection launch event report! Keiko Takemiya talks about Gilbert!! |url=https://konomanga.jp/interview/94659-2 |website=Kono Manga ga Sugoi! Web |publisher=[[Takarajimasha]] |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=ja |date=March 8, 2017}}</ref>

===Sequels===
{{nihongo3|"The Lamb of God: [[Agnus Dei]]"|神の子羊 Agnus Dei|Kami no Kohitsuji: Agnus Dei}}, a [[Serial (literature)|serial novel]] sequel to {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}, was published in the {{transliteration|ja|[[yaoi]]}} magazine ''[[June (magazine)|June]]'' from 1990 to 1994.<ref name="Natalie Kami"/> The novel was written by Norie Masuyama, under the [[pen name]] Norisu Hāze.<ref name="Mangapedia"/> Takemiya produced eighty-one illustrations to accompany chapters in the series but otherwise had no creative involvement in {{transliteration|ja|Kami no Kohitsuji}}, instead granting permission to Masuyama to write a continuation of the manga series.<ref name="Natalie Kami"/> {{transliteration|ja|Kami no Kohitsuji}} follows {{nihongo|Henri|アンリ|Anri}}, a descendant of the Battour family, and {{nihongo|Fran|フラン|Furan}}, a student at the [[Conservatoire de Paris]], as they investigate what happened to Serge after the death of Gilbert.<ref name="Natalie Kami"/> During their research, they encounter {{nihongo|Matthieu|マシュウ|Mashū}}, a descendant of the Cocteau family related to Gilbert.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:神の子羊 全3巻 |trans-title=''Kami no Kohitsuji'': All 3 volumes |url=https://www.fukkan.com/fk/VoteDetail?no=1546 |website=Fukkan.com |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=ja}}</ref> The novel's chapters were collected into three hardcover volumes published by Kōfūsha Shuppan from 1992 to 1994, each featuring an original cover illustration by Takemiya.<ref name="Mangapedia"/> The hardcover editions were re-released by Fukkan.com in 2018, to mark Takemiya's 50th anniversary as a manga artist. The Fukkan.com re-release includes Takemiya's illustrations from the original ''June'' serialization, which were not included in the Kōfūsha Shuppan edition.<ref name="Natalie Kami">{{cite web |script-title=ja:「風と木の詩」スピンオフ小説の新装版、竹宮惠子による装画81点を完全収録 |trans-title=New edition of the ''Kaze to Ki no Uta'' spin-off novel, complete with 81 illustrations by Keiko Takemiya |url=https://natalie.mu/comic/news/259737 |website=[[Natalie (website)|Comic Natalie]] |access-date=March 24, 2022 |language=ja |date=December 5, 2017}}</ref>

{{nihongo3|"The Dove of Happiness"|幸福の鳩|Kōfuku no Hato}} is a 48-page sequel and [[Spin-off (media)#Sidequels|side story]] to {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}. Set three years after Gilbert's death, the story focuses on the relationship between Jules and Rosemarine, who meet again by chance at Serge's piano concert in Paris. {{transliteration|ja|Kōfuku no Hato}} was written and illustrated by Takemiya, and was published in her artist's book {{nihongo3|"Angel of the Sea", alternatively titled {{lang|fr|Chérubin de la Mer}}|海の天使|Umi no Tenshi}}, released by Kadokawa Shoten in November 1991.<ref name="Mangapedia"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Berndt |first1=Jaqueline |title=Manga: Medium, Kunst und Material / Manga: Medium, Art and Material |date=2015 |publisher=Leipziger Universitätsverlag |isbn=978-3-86583-947-3 |page=122 |chapter=Takemiya Keiko: Mangaka with an Educational Mission |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/2088688 |access-date=March 26, 2022 |language=de, en}}</ref>

==Reception and legacy==
===Critical response===
In 1980, Takemiya won the 25th (1979) [[Shogakukan Manga Award]] in both the {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} and [[Shōnen manga|{{transliteration|ja|shōnen}}]] (manga for boys) categories for {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} and ''[[Toward the Terra]]'', respectively.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:竹宮惠子 |trans-title=Keiko Takemiya |url=https://mangapedia.com/%E7%AB%B9%E5%AE%AE%E6%83%A0%E5%AD%90-82jdbl2j6 |website=Mangapedia |publisher=[[Heibonsha World Encyclopedia|Heibonsha]], [[Shogakukan]], et al. |access-date=March 15, 2022 |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Shimoyama |first1=Susumu |script-title=ja:2050年のメディア 第62回 竹宮惠子と萩尾望都 二人の自伝を読む。 その後編＝下山進 |trans-title=Media in 2050: No. 62: Reading the autobiographies of Keiko Takemiya and Moto Hagio. Part 2 by Susumu Shimoyama. |url=https://mainichi.jp/sunday/articles/20210531/org/00m/040/001000d |website=[[Mainichi Shimbun|The Mainichi Shimbun]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601162959/https://mainichi.jp/sunday/articles/20210531/org/00m/040/001000d |archive-date=June 1, 2021 |language=ja |date=June 1, 2021 }}</ref> Roughly 5{{nbsp}}million copies of collected volumes of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} have been sold as of 2019.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artist Talk by Keiko Takemiya |url=https://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/SeasonCulture/event/2019/201908/25_JF_Talk_KeikoTakemiya.html |website=Japan–UK Season of Culture |publisher=[[Embassy of Japan, London|Embassy of Japan in the UK]] |access-date=March 15, 2022 |date=August 25, 2019 |quote=Takemiya's representative manga, ''The Poem of Wind and Trees'' (1977–80), which has sold nearly 5 million copies so far, ...}}</ref>

Although some Japanese critics dismissed {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} as a "second rate imitation" of ''The Heart of Thomas'' upon its initial release,{{sfn|Matsui|1993|p=188}} it has received wide critical acclaim, and has been described as a "masterpiece" of the {{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}} genre.{{sfn|Suzuki|1998|p=251}}{{sfn|Toku|2007|p=27}} Masaki Satō, a gay writer who originated the [[Yaoi#1990s: Mainstream popularity and yaoi ronsō|{{transliteration|ja|yaoi ronsō}}]] debate of the 1990s, said he was "saved" by manga like {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}},<ref name="Nippon.com">{{cite web |last1=Fujimoto |first1=Yukari |author-link1=Yukari Fujimoto |title=The Evolution of 'Boys' Love' Culture: Can BL Spark Social Change? |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/in-depth/d00607/ |website=Nippon.com |publisher=Nippon Communications Foundation |access-date=March 29, 2022 |date=September 24, 2020 |quote=The early 1990s saw fierce debate on ''yaoi'' in a feminist magazine. [...] The man who posted these criticisms of BL said that, when he was young, he believed that only he was gay, but he was saved by male–male love stories such as ''Kaze to ki no uta''.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Nagaike |first1=Kazumi |editor1-last=Toku |editor1-first=Masami |title=International Perspectives on Shojo and Shojo Manga: The Influence of Girl Culture |date=2015 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-138-54903-6 |page=65 |chapter=Queer Readings of BL: Are Women 'Plunderers' of Gay Men? |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j1LLCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA65 |access-date=April 9, 2022 |quote=The ''Yaoi Ronso'' (Yaoi Dispute) is believed to have started around 1992, when a self-identified gay activist, Masaki Sato, harshly criticized BL narratives as being derogatory to gay men.}}</ref> and poet and playwright [[Shūji Terayama]] compared the series' publication to "the great events that occurred in the Parisian literary world", likening it to ''[[Story of O]]'' by [[Anne Desclos]] and ''[[Justine (de Sade novel)|Justine]]'' by the [[Marquis de Sade]] and writing that "from now on, comics will probably be called '{{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} and thereafter'".<ref name="Mangapedia"/> The series inspired several works: [[Kentaro Miura]] cited {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} as an influence on his manga series ''[[Berserk (manga)|Berserk]]'', stating that both {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} and ''The Rose of Versailles'' prompted him to change his approach to the series and write a story "with sad and painful human relationships and emotions";<ref>{{cite book |last1=Miura |first1=Kentaro |author1-link=Kentaro Miura |title=Berserk Official Guidebook |year= 2018 |publisher=[[Dark Horse Comics|Dark Horse Manga]] |isbn=978-1-5067-0706-8 |page=159 |chapter=Kentaro Miura Speaks: An In-Depth Interview Looking Back at ''Berserk''}}</ref> [[Chiho Saito]] believes that {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} heavily influenced the anime and manga series ''[[Revolutionary Girl Utena]]'' she developed as part of the artist collective [[Be-Papas]], noting the many similarities between the works in a 2016 essay she wrote about Takemiya.{{sfn|Saito|2016|pp=98–99}}

In an overview of the filmography of Yoshikazu Yasuhiko for ''[[Anime News Network]]'', critic Michael Toole praised {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta Sanctus: Sei Naru Kana}} as a "subtle piece" that is "vibrant and beautiful", favorably comparing it to the 1981 film adaptation of Takemiya's {{transliteration|ja|[[Natsu e no Tobira]]}}.<ref name="ANN">{{cite web |last1=Toole |first1=Mike |title=The Mike Toole Show: YAS Hands |url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/the-mike-toole-show/2014-08-10/.77495 |website=[[Anime News Network]] |access-date=March 29, 2022 |date=August 10, 2014}}</ref>{{efn|Toole notes that unauthorized English [[fansub]] releases of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta Sanctus}} were typically included on the same VHS tape as ''[[Zetsuai 1989|Bronze: Zetsuai Since 1989]]'' (1996) – a more overtly pornographic {{transliteration|ja|yaoi}} OVA – which Toole likens to "running ''[[Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)|Breakfast at Tiffany's]]'' back to back with ''[[Animal House]]''".<ref name="ANN"/>}} In a review of the film for [[THEM Anime Reviews]], Julian Malerman wrote that the short length of ''Sanctus'' makes it feel "like a prelude, or a summary" of the original manga, describing it as it "collection of compelling but largely disconnected scenes". He nonetheless offers praise for its visual direction, particularly its "gorgeous hand-painted background art" and character designs, and the central relationship between Gilbert and Serge, which he assesses as "solid enough, if rather melodramatic".<ref>{{cite web |last1=Malerman |first1=Julian |title=''Kaze to Ki no Uta'' |url=https://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=1960 |website=[[THEM Anime Reviews]] |access-date=March 29, 2022}}</ref>

===Impact===
{{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} is credited with widely popularizing the {{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}} genre.{{sfn|Suzuki|1998|p=251}}{{sfn|Toku|2007|p=27}} Yukari Fujimoto writes that {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} (along with ''The Heart of Thomas'' and {{transliteration|ja|[[Hi Izuru Tokoro no Tenshi]]}}) made male homosexuality part of "the everyday landscape of {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} manga" and "one of its essential elements",{{sfn|Fujimoto|2004|p=83}} and manga scholar Kazuko Suzuki cites {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} as "one of the first attempts to depict true bonding or ideal relationships through pure male homosexual love".{{sfn|Suzuki|1998|p=251}} James Welker concurs that {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} and ''The Heart of Thomas'' "almost certainly helped foster increasingly diverse male–male romance narratives within the broader {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} manga genre from the mid-1970s onward".{{sfn|Welker|2015|p=51}}

In particular, {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} contributed significantly to the development of male–male romance manga through its depiction of sex.{{sfn|Matsui|1993|p=188}} Previously, sex in {{transliteration|ja|shōjo}} manga was confined almost exclusively to {{transliteration|ja|[[doujinshi]]}} ([[self-published]] manga);{{sfn|Toku|2007|p=27}} the popularity of {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} prompted a boom in the production of commercially published {{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}} beginning in the late 1970s, and the development of a more robust {{transliteration|ja|yaoi}} {{transliteration|ja|doujinshi}} subculture.{{sfn|Welker|2015|p=47}}{{sfn|Matsui|1993|p=188}} This trend towards sex-focused narratives in male–male romance manga accelerated with the founding of the manga magazine ''[[June (magazine)|June]]'' in 1978, for which Takemiya was an editor and major contributor. ''June'' was the first major manga magazine to publish {{transliteration|ja|shōnen-ai}} and {{transliteration|ja|yaoi}} exclusively, and is credited with launching the careers of dozens of {{transliteration|ja|yaoi}} manga artists.{{sfn|Suzuki|1998|p=251}}{{sfn|Mizoguchi|2003|p=53}}

{{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} has been invoked in public debates on sexual expression in manga, particularly debates on the ethics and legality of [[Legal status of fictional pornography depicting minors|manga depicting minors in sexual scenarios]]. In 2010, a revision to the [[Tokyo Metropolitan Ordinance Regarding the Healthy Development of Youths]] was introduced that would have restricted published media containing sexual depictions of characters who appeared to be minors, a proposal that was criticized by multiple anime and manga professionals for disproportionately targeting their industry.{{sfn|McLelland|2015|pp=264, 266}} Takemiya wrote an editorial critical of the proposal in the May 2010 issue of {{ill|Tsukuru|ja|創 (雑誌)|lt={{transliteration|ja|Tsukuru}}}}, arguing that it was "ironic" that {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}, a series that "many of today's mothers had grown up reading, was now in danger of being banned as 'harmful' to their children".{{sfn|McLelland|2015|p=266}} In a 2016 interview with the [[BBC]], Takemiya responded to the charge that depictions of rape in {{transliteration|ja|Kaze to Ki no Uta}} condone the sexualization of minors by stating that "such things do happen in real life. Hiding it will not make it go away. And I tried to portray the resilience of these boys, how they managed to survive and regain their lives after experiencing violence."<ref name="BBC"/>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="BBC">{{cite web |last1=Kato |first1=Yuko |title=The godmother of manga sex in Japan |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35714067 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=February 17, 2022 |date=March 16, 2016 |archive-date=January 29, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129220953/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-35714067 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Mangapedia">{{cite web |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 |trans-title=Kaze to Ki no Uta |url=https://mangapedia.com/%E9%A2%A8%E3%81%A8%E6%9C%A8%E3%81%AE%E8%A9%A9-nm4328uue |website=Mangapedia |publisher=[[Heibonsha World Encyclopedia|Heibonsha]], [[Shogakukan]], et al. |access-date=February 16, 2022 |language=Japanese |archive-date=February 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209195559/https://mangapedia.com/%E9%A2%A8%E3%81%A8%E6%9C%A8%E3%81%AE%E8%A9%A9-nm4328uue |url-status=live}}</ref>

<ref name="Nakagawa1">{{cite news |last1=Nakagawa |first1=Yūsuke |script-title=ja:「COM」の終焉と「美少年マンガ」の登場 |trans-title=The end of ''COM'' and the rise of ''bishōnen'' manga |website=[[Gentosha|Gentosha Plus]] |date=October 15, 2019 |url=https://www.gentosha.jp/article/14029/ |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226082728/https://www.gentosha.jp/article/14029/ |archive-date=December 26, 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="President">{{cite web |last1=Chino |first1=Keiko |script-title=ja:「少年同士の恋愛を少女に届けたい」竹宮惠子が日本最初のBL漫画を世に問うまで |trans-title="I want to deliver the love between boys to girls": How Keiko Takemiya brought Japan's first BL manga to the world |url=https://president.jp/articles/-/45608 |website=President Online |access-date=March 26, 2022 |language=ja |date=May 2, 2021}}</ref>

<ref name="Sankei">{{cite web |last1=Nakano |first1=Haruyuki |script-title=ja:BL誕生50年の源流 美少年マンガの先駆「雪と星と天使と」 |trans-title=The origin of 50 years of BL: ''Yuki to Hoshi to Tenshi to'', the pioneer of ''bishōnen'' manga |url=https://www.zakzak.co.jp/lif/news/201121/lin2011210001-n2.html |website=ZakZak |publisher=[[The Sankei Shimbun]] |access-date=March 26, 2022 |language=ja |date=November 21, 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="Tra-Pro">{{cite web |script-title=ja:風と木の詩 GALLERY |trans-title=''Kaze to Ki no Uta'' gallery |url=http://tra-pro.com/BD/kazeki.html |website=Tra-Pro.com |access-date=March 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307122640/http://tra-pro.com/BD/kazeki.html |archive-date=March 7, 2019 |language=ja }}</ref>

}}

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* {{cite journal |last1=Ogi |first1=Fusami |title=Shôjo Manga (Japanese Comics for Girls) in the 1970s' Japan as a Message to Women's Bodies: Interviewing Keiko Takemiya – A Leading Artist of the Year 24 Flower Group |journal=[[International Journal of Comic Art]] |date=2008 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=148–169 |issn=1531-6793}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Orbaugh |first1=Sharalyn |title=Creativity and Constraint in Amateur Manga Production |journal=U.S.–Japan Women's Journal |date=2003 |issue=25 |pages=104–124 |jstor=42771905}}
* {{cite book |last1=Takemiya |first1=Keiko |author1-link=Keiko Takemiya |last2=Harada |first2=Maha |author2-link=Maha Harada |last3=Ishida |first3=Minori |last4=Terayama |first4=Riku |script-title=ja:竹宮惠子 カレイドスコープ |trans-title=Keiko Takemiya: Kaleidoscope |date=September 16, 2016 |publisher=[[Shinchosha]] |contributor-last=Saito |contributor-first=Chiho |contributor-link=Chiho Saito |isbn=978-4-10-602269-2 |pages=98–99 |contribution=私にとっての竹宮惠子 (Keiko Takemiya, for me)}}
* {{cite book |last1=Shamoon |first1=Deborah |chapter=The Revolution in 1970s Shōjo Manga |date=2012 |publisher=[[University of Hawaii Press]] |title=Passionate Friendship: The Aesthetics of Girl's Culture in Japan |pages=101–136 |isbn=978-0-82483-542-2}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Suter |first1=Rebecca |title=Gender Bending and Exoticism in Japanese Girls' Comics |journal=Asian Studies Review |date=2013 |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=546–558 |doi=10.1080/10357823.2013.832111|s2cid=144598084}}
* {{cite book |last1=Suzuki |first1=Kazuko |editor1-last=Inness |editor1-first=Sherrie A. |chapter=Pornography or Therapy? Japanese Girls Creating the Yaoi Phenomenon |title=Millennium Girls: Today's Girls Around the World |date=1998 |pages=243–267 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=0-8476-9136-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=Takemiya |first1=Keiko |author1-link=Keiko Takemiya |last2=Harada |first2=Maha |author2-link=Maha Harada |last3=Ishida |first3=Minori |last4=Terayama |first4=Riku |script-title=ja:竹宮惠子 カレイドスコープ |trans-title=Keiko Takemiya: Kaleidoscope |date=September 16, 2016 |publisher=[[Shinchosha]] |isbn=978-4-10-602269-2 |language=ja}}
* {{cite book |last1=Hagio |first1=Moto |translator-last1=Thorn |translator-first1=Rachel |title=[[A Drunken Dream and Other Stories]] |date=2010 |publisher=[[Fantagraphics Books]] |contributor-last=Thorn |contributor-first=Rachel |contributor-link=Rachel Thorn |isbn=978-1-606-99377-4 |contribution=The Magnificent Forty-Niners |pages=v–viii}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Toku |first1=Masami |title=The Power of Girls' Comics: The Value and Contribution to Visual Culture and Society |journal=Visual Culture Research in Art and Education |date=2004 |url=http://mtoku.yourweb.csuchico.edu/vc/Articles/toku/Power_Girls_Comics.html |publisher=[[California State University, Chico]] |access-date=December 2, 2020 |archive-date=October 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014235023/http://www.csuchico.edu/~mtoku/vc/Articles/toku/Power_Girls_Comics.html |url-status=live}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Toku |first1=Masami |title=Shojo Manga! Girls' Comics! A Mirror of Girls' Dreams |journal=[[Mechademia]] |date=2007 |volume=2 |pages=19–32 |doi=10.1353/mec.0.0013 |jstor=41503727 |s2cid=120302321}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Welker |first1=James |year=2006 |title=Beautiful, Borrowed, and Bent: 'Boys' Love' as Girls' Love in Shôjo Manga |journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society |volume=31 |issue=3 |page=842 |doi=10.1086/498987 |s2cid=144888475}}
* {{cite book |last1=Welker |first1=James |editor1-last=McLelland |editor1-first=Mark |editor2-last=Nagaike |editor2-first=Kazumi |editor3-last=Katsuhiko |editor3-first=Suganuma |editor4-last=Welker |editor4-first=James |chapter=A Brief History of Shōnen'ai, Yaoi and Boys Love |title=Boys Love Manga and Beyond: History, Culture, and Community in Japan |date=2015 |publisher=[[University Press of Mississippi]] |pages=42–75 |doi=10.14325/mississippi/9781628461190.003.0003 |isbn=978-1-62846-119-0}}
{{refend}}
{{colend}}

==External links==
* {{Anime News Network|manga|3130|Kaze to Ki no Uta}}
* {{Anime News Network|ova|821|Kaze to Ki no Uta Sanctus}}
* {{IMDb title|1003279|Kaze to Ki no Uta Sanctus}}

{{Keiko Takemiya}}
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