View source for Bill Mauldin

{{short description|American editorial cartoonist (1921–2003)}}
{{About|the cartoonist|the South Carolina politician|William L. Mauldin}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox artist
| name             = Bill Mauldin
| image            = Bill Mauldin NYWTS.jpg
| caption          = Mauldin in 1945
| birth_name       = William Henry Mauldin
| birth_date       = {{birth date|1921|10|29}}
| birth_place      = [[Mountain Park, New Mexico]], U.S.
| death_date       = {{death date and age|2003|1|22|1921|10|29}}
| death_place      = [[Newport Beach, California]], U.S.
| resting_place    = [[Arlington National Cemetery]]
| resting_place_coordinates = {{Coord|38.880|N|77.070|W|format=dms|type:landmark|display=inline}}
| education        = [[Chicago Academy of Fine Arts]]
| spouse           = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|Norma Jean Humphries|1942|1946|end=divorced}}
* {{marriage|Natalie Sarah Evans|1947|1971|end=died}}
* {{marriage|Christine Lund|1972}}
}}
| children         = 7
| module           = {{Infobox military person
| embed            = yes
| embed_title      = Military service
| allegiance       = <!-- United States -->
| branch           = <!-- EDITORS NOTE: Please do not add the Army flag adopted by the U.S. government in 1956 (11 years after Mauldin's discharge from the Army) as it would be historically inaccurate. Thank you. -->[[United States Army]]
| branch_label     = [[Military branch|Branch]]
| rank             = [[Technician third grade|Technician Third Grade]]
| unit             = {{unbulleted list|[[45th Infantry Division (United States)|45th Infantry Division]]|''[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]]''}}
| battles          = {{tree list}}
* [[World War II]]
** [[Allied invasion of Sicily|Sicily]]
** [[Allied invasion of Italy|Naples-Foggia]]
** [[Battle of Anzio|Anzio]]
** [[Battle of Monte Cassino|Rome-Arno]]{{WIA}}
** [[Operation Dragoon|Southern France]]
** [[Allied advance from Paris to the Rhine|Rhineland]]
** [[Battle of the Bulge|Ardennes-Alsace]]
** [[Western Allied invasion of Germany|Central Europe]]
{{tree list/end}}
| battles_label    = Battles
| awards           = {{unbulleted list|[[Legion of Merit]]|[[Purple Heart]]}}}}
}}

'''William Henry Mauldin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɔː|l|d|ən}}; October 29, 1921 – January 22, 2003) was an American [[editorial cartoon]]ist who won two [[Pulitzer Prize]]s for his work. He was most famous for his World War II cartoons depicting American soldiers, as represented by the archetypal characters [[Willie and Joe]], two weary and bedraggled [[infantry]] troopers who stoically endure the difficulties and dangers of duty in the field. His cartoons were popular with soldiers throughout Europe, and with civilians in the United States as well. However, his second Pulitzer Prize was for a cartoon published in 1958, and possibly his best-known cartoon was after the [[Kennedy assassination]].

==Early life==
Mauldin was born in [[Mountain Park, New Mexico|Mountain Park]], [[New Mexico]], into a family with a tradition of military service. His father, Sidney Albert Mauldin (né Bissell, but adopted after being orphaned) served as an [[artillery]]man in [[World War I]]. Bill's grandfather by way of his father's adoption, for whom Bill was named, had been a civilian [[Cavalry scout|scout]] in the [[Apache Wars]]. After his parents' divorce, Bill and his older brother Sidney moved to [[Phoenix, Arizona]] in 1937 and attended [[Phoenix Union High School]].<ref name="loc">{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/mauldin/mauldin-early.html|title=Bill Mauldin's Early Years, 1938–1942: Bill Mauldin Beyond Willie and Joe: An online tribute drawn from the collections of the Library of Congress – Swann Foundation|website=The Library of Congress |access-date=2021-07-26}}</ref> It was there that he began his career in editorial journalism{{--}}writing for PUHS's ''Coyote Journal''.<ref name="Back">{{Cite book |last=Mauldin |first=Bill |title=What's Got Your Back Up? |publisher=Popular Library |year=1962 |location=New York City |pages=v}}</ref> Bill did not graduate with his class (he was later granted a diploma in 1945)<ref name="loc" /> and in 1939 he took courses at the [[Chicago Academy of Fine Arts]] where he studied political cartooning with [[Vaughn Shoemaker]].<ref name="loc" /> While in [[Chicago]], Mauldin met [[Will Lang Jr.]] and became fast friends with him. Lang Jr. later became a journalist and a bureau head for ''Life'' magazine.{{citation needed|date=June 2018}}

==World War II==
Shortly after returning to Phoenix in 1940, Mauldin enlisted in Company D, 120th Quartermaster Regiment, of the [[Arizona National Guard]], at [[Phoenix, Arizona]].<ref name="loc" /> His division, the [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|45th Infantry Division]], was federalized just two days later. While in the 45th, Mauldin volunteered to work for the unit's newspaper, drawing cartoons about regular soldiers or "[[Dogface (military)|dogfaces]]". Eventually he created two cartoon infantrymen, Willie and Joe, who represented the average American [[GI (term)|GI]].<ref name="loc" />

[[File:Willi and Joe Dirt.PNG|thumb|left|upright|"Me future is settled, Willie. I'm gonna be a perfessor on types o' European soil." First published in ''Stars and Stripes''. Mediterranean edition, October 25, 1944.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Willie & Joe: the WWII years|last=Mauldin|first=Bill|date=2008|publisher=Fantagraphics|others=DePastino, Todd|isbn=978-1560978381|edition=1st Fantagraphics books|location=Seattle|page=216|oclc=154707341}}</ref>]]
During July 1943, Mauldin's cartoon work continued when, as a sergeant of the 45th Infantry Division's press corps, he landed with the division in the [[invasion of Sicily]] and later in the [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|Italian campaign]].<ref name="vol1">DePastino, ''Willie & Joe''. 2008.</ref> Mauldin began working for ''[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]]'', the American soldiers' newspaper; as well as the ''45th Division News'', until he was officially transferred to the ''Stars and Stripes'' in February 1944.<ref name="vol1"/> [[Egbert White]], editor of the ''Stars and Stripes'', encouraged Mauldin to syndicate his cartoons and helped him find an agent.<ref name="alifeupfront" /> By March 1944, he was given his own jeep, in which he roamed the front, collecting material. He published six cartoons a week.<ref name=MichaelisNYT>Michaelis, David. [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/02/books/review/Michaelis-t.html "He Drew Great Mud"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424195030/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/02/books/review/Michaelis-t.html |date=April 24, 2016 }}. ''The New York Times Sunday Book Review''. March 2, 2008</ref> His cartoons were viewed by soldiers throughout Europe during [[World War II]], and were also published in the United States. The War Office supported their syndication,<ref>''Bill Mauldin'', edited by Todd DePastino, 2008. ''Willie & Joe: The War Years'' p. 13 {{ISBN|978-1-56097-838-1}}</ref> not only because they helped publicize the ground forces but also to show the grim side of war, which helped show that victory would not be easy.<ref>Mauldin and DePastino 2008. p. 15</ref> While in Europe, Mauldin befriended a fellow soldier-cartoonist, [[Gregor Duncan (artist)|Gregor Duncan]], and was assigned to escort him for a time. (Duncan was killed at [[Anzio]] in May 1944.)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cartoonician.com/gregor-duncan-pictures-of-life/ |first=Rob |last=Stolzer |title=Gregor Duncan: Pictures of Life |work=Hogan's Alley |date=December 25, 2017 |access-date=January 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228004459/http://cartoonician.com/gregor-duncan-pictures-of-life/ |archive-date=December 28, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[File:Bill Mauldin in a helmet.jpg|thumb|Mauldin in uniform, 1945]]
Mauldin was not without his detractors. His images—which often parodied the Army's spit-shine and obedience-to-orders-without-question policy—offended some officers. After a Mauldin cartoon ridiculed [[United States Army Central|Third Army]] commander General [[George Patton]]'s decree that all soldiers be clean-shaven at all times—even in combat—Patton called Mauldin an "unpatriotic anarchist" and threatened to "throw [his] ass in jail" and ban ''Stars and Stripes'' from his [[United States Army Central|command]]. General [[Dwight Eisenhower]], Patton's superior, told Patton to leave Mauldin alone; he felt the cartoons gave the soldiers an outlet for their frustrations. "''Stars and Stripes'' is the soldiers' paper," he told him, "and we won't interfere."<ref>Mauldin, B. ''Up Front''. W.W. Norton (2000), pp. vi–vii. {{ISBN|0393050319}}.</ref>

In a 1989 interview, Mauldin said, "I always admired Patton. Oh, sure, the stupid bastard was crazy. He was insane. He thought he was living in the Dark Ages. Soldiers were peasants to him. I didn't like that attitude, but I certainly respected his theories and the techniques he used to get his men out of their foxholes."<ref>Lamb, D. "Bill, Willie, and Joe". ''MHQ – The Quarterly Journal of Military History'', vol. 1, issue 4 (summer, 1989), pp. 36–47.</ref>

Mauldin's cartoons made him a hero to the common soldier. GIs often credited him with helping them to get through the rigors of the war. His credibility with the troops increased in September 1943, when he was wounded in the shoulder by a German mortar while visiting a machine gun crew near [[Monte Cassino]].<ref name="vol1"/> By the end of the war, he received the [[Legion of Merit]] for his cartoons. Mauldin wanted Willie and Joe to be killed on the last day of combat, but ''Stars and Stripes'' dissuaded him.<ref name=MichaelisNYT/>

==Postwar activities==
In 1945, at the age of 23, Mauldin won a [[Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning|Pulitzer Prize]] for his wartime body of work, exemplified by [[:File:Fresh, spirited American troops.jpg|a cartoon depicting exhausted infantrymen slogging through the rain]], its caption mocking a typical late-war headline: "Fresh, spirited American troops, flushed with victory, are bringing in thousands of hungry, ragged, battle-weary prisoners".<ref name=pulitzer>[http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Editorial-Cartooning "Editorial Cartooning"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224115117/http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Editorial-Cartooning |date=December 24, 2015 }}. The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2013-11-01.</ref> The first civilian compilation of his work, ''Up Front'', a collection of his cartoons interwoven with his observations of war, topped the best-seller list in 1945. After the war's end, the character of Willie was featured on the cover<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19450618,00.html|title=Mauldin's 'Willie' |date= June 18, 1945|url-status=live|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904234002/http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19450618,00.html|archive-date=4 September 2019}}</ref> of ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine for the June 18, 1945, issue. Mauldin made the cover of the July 21, 1961, issue.<ref>{{cite magazine|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080117005028/https://time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19610721,00.html|archive-date=17 January 2008|magazine=Time |url-status=dead|url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19610721,00.html|title=Bill Maudlin |date= July 21, 1961}}</ref>

After the war, Mauldin turned to drawing [[political cartoons]] expressing a generally [[civil libertarian]] view associated with groups such as the [[American Civil Liberties Union]]. These were not well received by newspaper editors, who were hoping for apolitical cartoons. Mauldin's attempt to carry Willie and Joe into civilian life was also unsuccessful, as documented in his memoir ''Back Home'' in 1947. In 1951, he appeared with [[Audie Murphy]] in the [[John Huston]] film ''[[The Red Badge of Courage (1951 film)|The Red Badge of Courage]]'', and in [[Fred Zinnemann]]'s ''[[Teresa (1951 film)|Teresa]]''.<ref name="NYT">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181122132905/https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/23/arts/bill-mauldin-cartoonist-who-showed-world-war-ii-through-gi-eyes-dies-at-81.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 "Bill Mauldin, Cartoonist Who Showed World War II Through G.I. Eyes, Dies at 81"]. ''The New York Times''. (January 23, 2003). Retrieved September 27, 2016.</ref>

In 1956, he ran unsuccessfully for the [[United States Congress]] as a [[United States Democratic Party|Democrat]] in [[New York's 28th congressional district]]. Mauldin said about his run for Congress: 
<blockquote>I jumped in with both feet and campaigned for seven or eight months. I found myself stumping around up in these rural districts and my own background did hurt there. A farmer knows a farmer when he sees one. So when I was talking about their problems I was a very sincere candidate, but when they would ask me questions that had to do with foreign policy or national policy, obviously I was pretty far to the left of the mainstream up there. Again, I'm an old [[Harry S. Truman|Truman]] Democrat, I'm not that far left, but by their lives I was pretty far left.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/mauldin/mauldin-turn.html "A Turn in Career, 1950–1958"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081408/http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/mauldin/mauldin-turn.html |date=March 4, 2016 }}. ''Bill Mauldin: Beyond Willie And Joe'', An online tribute drawn from the collections of the Library of Congress – Swann Foundation, 2003</ref></blockquote>

[[File:I won the Nobel Prize for Literature.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Mauldin's 1958 cartoon for which he received his second Pulitzer Prize]]
In 1959, Mauldin won a second Pulitzer Prize, while working at the ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]'', for a cartoon depicting Soviet author [[Boris Pasternak]] in a [[Gulag]], asking another prisoner, "I won the Nobel Prize for literature. What was your crime?"<ref name=pulitzer/> Pasternak had won the [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] for his novel ''[[Doctor Zhivago (novel)|Doctor Zhivago]]'', but was not allowed to travel to Sweden to accept it. The following year Mauldin won the [[National Cartoonist Society]] Award for Editorial Cartooning. In 1961, he received their [[Reuben Award]] as well.

In addition to cartooning, Mauldin worked as a [[freelance writer]]. He also [[illustrator|illustrated]] many articles for ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine, ''[[The Saturday Evening Post]]'', ''[[Sports Illustrated]]'', and other publications. He brought back Joe as a war correspondent, writing letters to the stateside Willie. He made cartoons of Willie and Joe together only in tributes to the "soldiers' generals": [[Omar Bradley]] and [[George C. Marshall]], after their deaths; for a ''Life'' article on the "New Army"; and as a salute to the late cartoonist [[Milton Caniff]].

[[File:Mauldin Lincoln cartoon.jpg|thumb|upright|Mauldin's famous cartoon following the [[Kennedy assassination]]]]
In 1962, Mauldin moved to the ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]''. One of his most famous post-war cartoons was published in 1963, following the assassination of [[President of the United States|President]] [[John F. Kennedy]]. It depicted the statue of [[Abraham Lincoln]] at the [[Lincoln Memorial]], with his head in his hands.<ref name="alifeupfront" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mauldin|first=Bill|url=https://archive.org/details/ivedecidediwantm00maul/page/74|title=I've Decided I Want My Seat Back|publisher=Harper & Row|year=1965|location=New York|pages=74|language=en|access-date=3 January 2022}}</ref>

On 7 February 1965, while visiting his son who was serving with the U.S. Army at [[Camp Holloway]], [[South Vietnam]] Mauldin was present for the [[Vietcong]] [[Attack on Camp Holloway]].<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The New York Times|title=Vietnamese guard was half strength when Reds struck|date=8 February 1965|page=1}}</ref>

In 1969, Mauldin was commissioned by the [[National Safety Council]] to illustrate its annual booklet on traffic safety. These pamphlets were regularly issued without copyright, but for this issue the council noted that Mauldin's cartoons were under copyright, although the rest of the pamphlet was not.

In 1985, Mauldin won the [[Walter Cronkite Award for Excellence in Journalism]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Arizona State University|title=Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication|url=https://cronkite.asu.edu/about/walter-cronkite-and-asu/walter-cronkite-award|access-date=November 23, 2016|date=2009-01-29}}</ref> Mauldin remained with the ''Sun-Times'' until his retirement in 1991.

He was inducted into the [[St. Louis Walk of Fame]] on May 19, 1991.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductees/?view=achievement|title=St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees|last=St. Louis Walk of Fame|publisher=stlouiswalkoffame.org|access-date=25 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031162946/http://www.stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductees/?view=achievement|archive-date=October 31, 2012|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> On September 19, 2001, [[Sergeant Major of the Army]] [[Jack L. Tilley]] presented Mauldin with a personal letter from [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army|Army Chief of Staff]] [[General officer|General]] [[Eric K. Shinseki]], and a hardbound book with notes from other senior Army leaders and several celebrities, including TV broadcasters [[Walter Cronkite]] and [[Tom Brokaw]], and actor [[Tom Hanks]]. Tilley also promoted Mauldin to the honorary rank of [[first sergeant]].<ref>Elder, p. 12</ref>

==Death and legacy==
Mauldin died on January 22, 2003, from [[Alzheimer's disease]] and complications of injuries received in an accidental [[bathtub]] [[burn#Thermal|scalding]].<ref name="alifeupfront">{{cite book
|author=Todd DePastino
|title=Bill Mauldin: A Life Up Front
|publisher=W.W. Norton 
|year=2007
|isbn=978-0-393-06183-3
|oclc=154706849
|url=https://archive.org/details/billmauldinlifeu00depa
}}</ref> He was buried in [[Arlington National Cemetery]] on January 29, 2003.<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgdtYXVsZGluEgd3aWxsaWFt/
|title=Burial Detail: Mauldin, William H
|publisher=ANC Explorer}}</ref> Married three times, he was survived by seven children.<ref name="MichaelisNYT"/>

On March 31, 2010, the United States Post Office released a first-class denomination ($0.44) postage stamp in Mauldin's honor depicting him with Willie & Joe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606082628/http://www.usps.com/communications/newsroom/2009/pr09_118.htm USPS News Release: 2010 Stamp Program Unveiled – Bill Mauldin] (archived link, June 6, 2011)</ref> In June, 2000 Mauldin was inducted into the Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fame|first=Oklahoma Military Hall of|title=Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame|url=https://okmhf.org/history|access-date=2021-05-07|website=Oklahoma Military Hall of Fame|language=en-US|archive-date=December 31, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231110548/https://okmhf.org/history|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2005, Mauldin was inducted into the Oklahoma Cartoonists Hall of Fame in [[Pauls Valley, Oklahoma]], by Michael Vance. The Oklahoma Cartoonists Collection, created by Vance, is located in the Toy and Action Figure Museum.

==Museum holdings==
The [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|45th Infantry Division]] Museum, located in [[Oklahoma City]], Oklahoma, includes a substantial collection of cartoons by Mauldin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.45thdivisionmuseum.com/index.html|title=45th Infantry Museum|website=www.45thdivisionmuseum.com|access-date=July 15, 2019|archive-date=August 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806044450/http://www.45thdivisionmuseum.com/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[Pritzker Military Museum & Library]] includes a substantial collection of cartoons by Mauldin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pritzkermilitary.org/search#q=bill+mauldin&i=2&c=20&o=0&t=&a=&y=&v=0|title=Search &#124; Pritzker Military Museum & Library &#124; Chicago|website=www.pritzkermilitary.org}}</ref>

==Bibliography==
* ''Star Spangled Banter'' – 1941
* ''Sicily Sketchbook'' – 1943
* ''Mud, Mules, and Mountains'' – 1944
* ''News of the 45th'' (with Don Robinson) – 1944
* {{cite book |title=Up Front |year=1991 |publisher=Norton |isbn=9780393030532 |url=https://archive.org/details/upfront00maul_0}} – 1945
* ''This Damn Tree Leaks'' – 1945
* {{cite book |title=Back Home |year=1947 |url=https://archive.org/details/mauldinbillbackhome}}– 1947
* {{cite book |title=A Sort of a Saga |year=1949 |publisher=William Sloane Associates |url=https://archive.org/details/sortofasaga006199mbp/page/n8}}– 1949
* {{cite book |title=Bill Mauldin's Army |year=1962 |url=https://archive.org/details/billmauldinsarmy00maul}} – 1951
* {{cite book |title=Bill Mauldin in Korea|year=1952 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company. |url=https://archive.org/details/biimauldininkore007080mbp/page/n6}}– 1952
* ''Up High with Bill Mauldin'' – 1956
* ''What's Got Your Back Up?'' – 1961
* {{cite book |title=I've Decided I Want My Seat Back |year=1961 |publisher=Harper & Row, Publishers |url=https://archive.org/details/ivedecidediwantm013765mbp/page/n8}} – 1965
* ''Bill of Rights Day Celebration'' – 1969
* {{cite book |title=The Brass Ring |year=1971 |url=https://archive.org/details/mauldinbillthebrassring}} – 1971
* ''Name Your Poison'' – 1975
* {{cite book |title=Mud and Guts|year=1978 |url=https://archive.org/details/mudgutslookatcom00maul}} – 1978
* ''Let's Declare Ourselves Winners and Get the Hell Out'' – 1985

In April 2008, [[Fantagraphics Books]] released a two-volume set of Mauldin's complete wartime Willie and Joe cartoons, edited by [[Todd DePastino]], titled ''Willie & Joe: The WWII Years'' ({{ISBN|978-1-56097-838-1}}). A collection of post-war cartoons, ''Willie & Joe: Back Home'', was published by Fantagraphics in August, 2011 ({{ISBN|978-1-60699-351-4}}).

==''Peanuts''==
From 1969 to 1998, [[cartoonist]] [[Charles M. Schulz]] (a veteran of World War II) regularly paid tribute to Bill Mauldin in his ''[[Peanuts]]'' [[comic strip]] on [[Veterans Day (United States)|Veterans Day]]. In the strips, [[Snoopy]], dressed as an army vet, would annually go to Mauldin's house to "quaff a few [[root beer]]s and tell war stories." By the end of the strip, Schulz had depicted 17 of Snoopy's visits.<ref name="comicscom" /> Schulz went so far as to include Willie and Joe in a 1998 strip, using a picture of the characters that had been copied out of a 1944 Mauldin panel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aaugh.com/wordpress/2006/09/that-schulzmauldin-collaboration/|title=That Schulz/Mauldin collaboration|website=The Aaugh Blog|last=Gertler|first=Nat|date=September 4, 2006}}</ref> Peanuts also paid tribute to [[Rosie the Riveter]] in 1976, and [[Ernie Pyle]] in 1997 and 1999.<ref name="comicscom">{{cite web |url=http://comics.com/peanuts/ |title=Peanuts by Schulz |publisher=Comics.com |quote=November 11 strips from 1969–70, '76, '79–81, '83, '85–89, '91–93, '96–99}}</ref>

==Filmography==
The films ''[[Up Front (film)|Up Front]]'' (1951) and ''[[Back at the Front]]'' (1952) were based on Mauldin's Willie and Joe characters; however, when Mauldin's suggestions were ignored in favor of making a [[slapstick]] comedy, he returned his advising fee; he said he had never seen the result.<ref name=alifeupfront/>

Mauldin also appeared as an actor in the 1951 films ''[[The Red Badge of Courage (1951 film)|The Red Badge of Courage]]'' and ''[[Teresa (1951 film)|Teresa]]'', and as himself in the 1998 documentary ''America in the '40s''. He also appeared in on-screen interviews in the Thames documentary ''[[The World at War]]''.<ref>{{IMDb name|0560887|Bill Mauldin}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Further reading==
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
* DePastino, Todd. ''Bill Mauldin: A Life Up Front'' (WW Norton & Company, 2008).
* Heitzmann, William Ray. "The political cartoon as a teaching device." ''Teaching Political Science'' 6.2 (1979): 166-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/00922013.1979.11000158
* McCarthy, Michael P. "Political Cartoons in the History Classroom." ''History Teacher'' 11.1 (1977): 29-38. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/492723 online]
* Mauldin, Bill. ''Bill Mauldin's Army: Bill Mauldin's Greatest World War II Cartoons'' (Presidio Press, 1983).
{{Div col end}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}
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* [https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgdtYXVsZGlu/ Arlington National Cemetery]
* [https://cdm17210.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/editorial/search/searchterm/Bill%20Mauldin Bill Mauldin Editorial Cartoons Collection] at [[St. Louis Public Library]]
*[http://rbsc.slpl.org/mauldin.pdf Bill Mauldin Editorial Cartoons Collection] finding aid at the [https://www.slpl.org/ St. Louis Public Library]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120918210644/http://45thdivisionmuseum.com/Mauldin 45th Infantry Division Museum] in Oklahoma City. Has an exhibit of more than 200 original cartoons from Mauldin's years with the division.
* [http://www.jeanalbanogallery.com/mauldin/index.html Jean Albano Gallery], representative of Mauldin's cartoons
* [https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/remember/jan-june03/maudlin_1-23.html "In Memoriam: Bill Mauldin"], transcript and RealAudio of ''[[PBS NewsHour|NewsHour]]'', Jan. 23, 2003 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209080127/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/remember/jan-june03/maudlin_1-23.html |date=December 9, 2013 }}
* [https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/swann/mauldin/mauldin-atwar.html ''Bill Mauldin: Beyond Willie And Joe''], An online tribute drawn from the collections of the [[Library of Congress]]
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Mauldin}}
* [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/warletters/gallery/index.html Mauldin cartoons] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100620154145/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/warletters/gallery/index.html |date=June 20, 2010 }} ''[[The American Experience]]'', episode "War Letters" (PBS)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060225120829/http://www.stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductees/bill-mauldin.html St. Louis Walk of Fame]
* [http://www.pritzkermilitary.org/whats_on/pritzker-military-presents/todd-depastino-bill-mauldin-life-front/ Interview] with Todd DePastino on ''Bill Mauldin: A Life Up Front'', [[Pritzker Military Museum & Library]]
* [https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgdNYXVsZGluEgdXaWxsaWFt/ ANC Explorer]
* [https://archives.newberry.org/repositories/2/resources/654 Bill Mauldin collection] at [[Newberry Library|The Newberry]]
<!--Please: Follow the [[WP:EL]] guideline where possible and consider discussing on the talk page-->
* [https://billmauldinart.com/ A Bill Mauldin website primarily archiving his self-published "Sicily Sketchbook"]

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